Lecture
To develop musical and auditory memory, the world-famous
pianist Josef Hofmann recommended that his students use the following methods of studying and memorizing a piece of music:
with the score and without the instrument;
with the score and at the instrument;
at the instrument and without the score;
without the score and without the instrument.
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The last technique is the method of memorization without relying on an external
stimulus.
The development of musical and auditory memory is also aided by:
- constantly memorizing new prose, poetic, and musical works by heart;
• engaging other analyzers in the memorization process, for example, associating the material being memorized with various colors, movements, and visual images;
— activating motivation through the personal significance and necessity of memorization;
— mentally recalling the voices of one's acquaintances, the sounds of musical instruments, and the voices of birds;
— picking out various
melodies by ear on a musical instrument.
The development of visual memory can be aided by such techniques as:
- looking simultaneously at several different objects, closing
one's eyes, and listing them from mental recall;
- drawing familiar people or objects from memory;
- drawing paintings by famous artists from memory and comparing them
with the original;
- reconstructing the complete image of a person or situation based on
a single detail, followed by drawing it. For example, reconstructing the image
of Boyarynya Morozova from just her raised hand.
To develop logical memory, one should:
- retell news heard on the radio and TV to friends;
- make oral summaries of newspaper articles;
- retell the plots of detective stories and plays or series one has watched;
- recall before falling asleep, in forward and reverse order, the sequence
of tasks completed during the day.
To develop emotional memory, one should:
- take in hand an object associated with the memory of a previously experienced
situation, and use it to recall other objects from that same situation. Many people, for this purpose, bring back pebbles, shells,
and various souvenirs from vacation spots. In doing so, one should recall and revive visual images, lighting, smells, and bodily sensations. Take
the posture and perform several physical movements that were made
during the situation being recalled;
- convey various emotions through lines and colors using abstract painting
— sadness, elation, a state of anticipation, and others.
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