4. The concept of "information". Classification of information on the way of perception and form of presentation. Information models of the world.

Information - information perceived by a person or special devices as a reflection of the facts of the material world in the process of communication [1].

Definitions of the term “information” from international standards:

- knowledge of objects, facts, ideas, etc., that people can exchange within a specific context (ISO / IEC 10746-2: 1996) [3];

- knowledge regarding facts, events, things, ideas and concepts that in a particular context have a specific meaning (ISO / IEC 2382-1: 1993)

By way of perception:

Visual - perceived by the organs of sight.

Audible - perceived by the organs of hearing.

Tactile - perceived by tactile receptors.

Olfactory - perceived by olfactory receptors.

Taste - perceived by taste buds.

According to the presentation form:

Textual - transmitted as symbols intended to denote lexemes of the language.

Numeric - in the form of numbers and symbols denoting mathematical operations.

Graphic - in the form of images, objects, graphs.

Sound - oral or in the form of recording and transmitting the lexemes of the language in an auditory way.

Video - transmitted as a video.

An information model is an object model represented as information describing the parameters and variables of the object that are essential for this consideration, the relationships between them, the inputs and outputs of the object and allowing, by submitting information on changes in the input values ​​to the model, model the possible states of the object .

An information model (in a broad, general scientific sense) is a collection of information characterizing the essential properties and states of an object, process, phenomenon, as well as interrelation with the outside world.

Information models are divided into descriptive and formal.

Descriptive information models are models created in a natural language (for example, Russian) in oral or written form.

Formal information models are models created in a formal language (that is, scientific, professional, or specialized). Examples of formal models: all types of formulas, tables, graphs, maps, diagrams, etc.

Information models in computer science are models that describe classes of objects belonging to a given domain (problem area), the attributes of these objects, and the relationships between these objects .

Chromatic (informational) models are models created in the natural language of the semantics of color concepts and their ontological predicates (that is, in the language of meanings and meanings of color canons, representatively reproduced in world culture). Examples of chromatic models: the “atomic” model of intelligence (AMI), the interfaith immanence of religions (MIR), the model of axiological-social semantics (AMIS), etc., created on the basis of the theory and methodology of chromatism.

Types of information models

S. A. Terekhov identifies several types of information models that differ in the nature of requests to them [1]:

1 Modeling the response of the system to external influence

2 Classification of internal system states

Information models in computer science

An information model in computer science is a representation of concepts, relationships, constraints, rules and operations, designed to define the semantics of data for a specific problem area [2].

As a rule, it defines the relationship between classes of objects, but it can also include relations between specific objects. [Source not specified 19 days] This can provide a multilateral, stable and organized structure of information requirements or knowledge about the domain being described, which can be used by all professionals working with this domain, regardless of their specific tasks.