6.6. Psychological Portrait of an Entrepreneur - Psychology of Entrepreneurship

The properties of entrepreneurship include the mobility and dynamism of economic activity, the freedom to choose and search for methods of economic actions, tactical methods of action, their relative short duration, constant entrepreneurial search, a high level of uncertainty, risk, threat of loss, responsibility. All this puts forward specific psychological requirements for the entrepreneur.

Many Western European and American researchers tried to create a psychological portrait of an entrepreneur, abstracting from specific features and qualities associated, for example, with the form of entrepreneurship (production, commercial, financial), or its level (large, medium, small business), as well as whether the entrepreneur is an innovator or not and, finally, whether he combines the functions of the owner or the owner with the functions of a manager.

We will combine the qualities that are important for a psychological portrait of an entrepreneur in three blocks. The intellectual block includes competence, combination gift, developed imagination, real fantasy, developed intuition, and perspective thinking. In the communicative unit - the talent of the coordinator of the efforts of employees, the ability and willingness to tolerance in communicating with other people and at the same time the ability to go against the flow. In a motivational and volitional bloc - a tendency to take risks, responsibility, the desire to fight and win, the need for self-realization and public recognition, the severity of the motive for achieving success. Given that the entrepreneur, figuratively speaking, is also a self-exploiter, he needs good health, inexhaustible energy and optimism.

The full list of characteristics given refers to the portrait of an ideal, rather than a typical entrepreneur. What necessary combinations of qualities must be present in the portrait of a typical entrepreneur to ensure his success?

Literary data and our studies prove only the obligatory presence of the components of the motivational-volitional block, for the entrepreneur is first and foremost an active, active, seeking figure. The predominance of the motive for achieving success over the motive for avoiding failure, the propensity for risk, the need and the ability to take responsibility remain necessary in the psychological portrait of an entrepreneur, regardless of form, level or other specific features of entrepreneurship. The remaining characteristics do not always coincide with different researchers.

Entrepreneurial and parapredpriyatie

Based on the qualities of a motivational-volitional bloc, one of the models was built, certainly deserving of attention and representing a different, more democratic approach to the portrait of an entrepreneur. Thus, according to K.E. Varnorida, there are no two clearly demarcated groups of people: entrepreneurs and non-entrepreneurs ⁴⁰ . The differences between people are in how much entrepreneurial activity they show, and in the level of enterprise that lies in this activity.

Enterprise is a complex of qualities that ensure the ability to achieve specific goals in economic, social or other spheres of public life at the expense of its initiative, ingenuity, independence, resourcefulness, non-standard solutions, willingness to take risks and be responsible for the results.

If you take this more democratic (compared to the position of the psychological elitism of entrepreneurial activity) position, then it is legitimate to speak about paraenterprise as a form of activity that is carried out in parallel with the budget or on its basis. Currently, this phenomenon is quite common in our country. From this position, the figure of intraprener is also understandable - a person working in an organization, but possessing the inclinations and abilities of an entrepreneur