14: QUALITY LEVEL EXAMINATION USING BALL EVALUATION

Lecture questions:

1. Features of the procedure

expert evaluation

2. Examination

3. Method of assessing the level of quality

in points

1. Features of the peer review procedure

The object of examination (expert assessments) of industrial

products may be individual consumer properties or

their totality.

Criteria for the quality examination,

are divided into general and specific.

Common criteria include established ones

value orientations, ideas and norms. Specific

The criteria for the expert are real requirements for the quality of the product.

Ducts of this type, established in the regulatory and technical

other mandatory documents. In the form of

specific criteria are also a set of basic values

indicators of the properties characterizing the planned or project

the products being marketed. Characteristics of real-life

high-quality products manufactured in the country or for

overseas, are also specific criteria for experts.

In order to increase reliability, accuracy, reliability

reproducibility of expert assessments;

through group decision making by competent

by people. To assess the level of product quality, an ex-

Perth commission consisting of expert and working groups

The expert group includes highly qualified

personal and specially trained workers in the field of

and the functioning of the product being evaluated: researchers,

designers, technologists, designers, commodity scientists, economists and

etc. The number of experts in the group depends on the required

the accuracy of the average estimates and should be from seven to twenty

ty man In absentee polling, the upper limit of the number of

Experts are not limited.

The expert group (commission) enjoys expert advice

information on quality indicators

my products. In this case, the expert group can take

decisions based on averaging expert ratings or by conducting

expert voting (“commission” method). In order to reduce

subjectivity in the expert method, it is recommended

several rounds of polls experiments.

The expert method of “commissions” is that in

It is used as a vote. First assessment

experts independently. Then, after the open

discussion of the ratings, experts again, independently

from each other give an assessment of each object. Subsequently

adjusted individual estimates calculated

peer review. This work is carried out by a working group of ex-

pertnoy commission. In addition, the working group organizes

expert survey, analyzes the results obtained and

draws up the conclusion of the expert committee.

It is recommended that for assessing similar products

the expert committee was composed of permanent experts and

members of the working group. This is desirable because in the process

work on a standing commission accumulates experience

work, training of its members takes place, general

approaches and principles, and this increases work efficiency

expert committee.

The list and sequence of the main stages of work

The expert committee is as follows:

- appointing persons responsible for organizing and inspecting

The performance of expert evaluation of product quality;

- formation of expert and working groups;

- development of classification and definition of nomenclature

quality indicators of the evaluated products;

- preparation of questionnaires and explanatory notes for the survey

experts;

- Evaluation and expert survey;

- processing expert assessments;

- analysis and presentation of the results of expert evaluation of

quality (or quality indicators) of products.

In the practice of expert assessment of quality, in particular when

expert assessment of consumer properties of products, mainly

Mr. apply complex and operational expertise.

Comprehensive examination is carried out for comprehensive

study and assess the quality of groups of homogeneous products,

commercially serialized. In this regard, with expert

They implement a systematic, integrated approach to the analysis and

product evaluation. With a comprehensive examination receive

not only a more complete characterization of the object being evaluated,

but also a certain scientific, methodical and regulatory material

Rial used for other types of expertise.

Operational expertise is based on data obtained

during the previous comprehensive examinations.

This technique can significantly reduce the volume and time of the ex-

perth work with sufficient depth and validity of ex-

pert conclusions

2. Examination

There are two main methods of expert assessments:

Todd Delphi and Pattern Method.

Delphi method. Minimum number of experts allowed:

5-7. Its peculiarity is that the expert expresses his

the judgment is not during the group discussion, but sets it out in

a practical questionnaire with detailed instructions.

Existing varieties of the Delphi method are based on

that the study of the problem is divided into several stages (

ditch). Each stage involves the following procedures.

- Splitting the question into several aspects, allowing

consider the problem from different angles.

- Selection to resolve the issue in each round of various

combinations of experts:

- The same group of experts is used in all rounds.

- The main core of the group of experts with

the existence of some and the inclusion of others.

- Use at each stage of the new group of experts.

Advantages of the Delphi method:

1) the possibility of obtaining exclusive opinions,

free and independent of external circumstances;

2) high objectivity of judgments;

3) convenience, simplicity and efficiency.

Cons Delphi method:

1) when conducting a survey in more than one round,

There is no data matching problem;

2) the bulkiness of explanatory notes to the questionnaires;

3) the complexity of filling out forms.

Method Pattern (1962-1964). Minimum allowable

the number of experts is 20. Its peculiarity is: a) the collective

new discussion of the problem; consciously creates an atmosphere of mutual

many experts influence each other; b) the problem is not easy

subjected to dismemberment to build a hierarchical tree

goals, and broken down into key and auxiliary problems and

for collective consideration choose a few nodal

questions (no more than 10).

Advantages of the Pattern method:

1) speed of data acquisition;

2) the possibility of obtaining original answers due

brainstorming;

3) Low complexity of filling out forms.

Cons of the Pattern method:

1) insufficient development and certainty of the principle

building a tree of goals, identifying individual key issues;

2) no barriers against conformism

(exposure to the opinions of others) experts;

3) the possibility of distorting the valid opinions of ex-

pertov under the influence of the emotional factor, suggestion,

expert status and adaptation to the opinion of the majority of ex-

Perth;

4) lack of elaboration of the method of selection in the expert

a group of specialists most suitable for this purpose;

5) the problem of justifying the number of experts in the group

3. Method of assessing the level of quality in points

In the examination of product quality, the most frequently used

scoring points. The scores are given directly

but experts or obtained as a result of the formalization of pro-

evaluation process. This formalization is heuristic or

experimental.

The direct appointment of scoring performance

experts independently or in the process of discussion

waiting The number of points in the estimated rating scale can

It can be different. For the evaluation of quality indicators usually

use 5, 7 and 10-point scales.

The generalized quality indicator determined by the expert

using the numerical method according to the scoring system of calculations, is found as

The arithmetic average of the estimates made by all

experts, i.e. calculated by the formula:

a

 Q

i

i1

K



,

the ex

a

where a is the number of experts;

i

Q

- marks in points, set by experts.

If during the examination of quality spend a few rounds

surveys, in this case the value of the quality indicator is determined by

as the arithmetic mean of the estimates obtained

in each round of the survey of experts on the expression:

m

 K

exi

'

i1

K

the ex



,

t

Where

Keks.

- the value of the quality indicator obtained in each round;

i

t is the number of survey rounds.

In cases where individual quality indicators are non-

equally affect the overall level, it is advisable to use

weight coefficients:

a

 q i  m

i

i1

K



,

the ex

t

where m i is the weight coefficient of the i- th single quality indicator

The expert method is often used when choosing technical equipment.

ki submitted by several enterprises for tender

contests (bidding).

Heuristic formalization of expert assessments

determination of the relationship between the values ​​of the parametric

scores and their scores. Based on this

plotted or developed (written) mathematical

formula that allows you to express the score show

quality bodies in physical units.

In experimental formalization, it is established that

ratio of scoring values ​​with values ​​of

Lei, determined by the experiment. This method is

It is more objective.

There is also the so-called sociological method.

product quality assessment. This method, like the expert one, is based

van on polls, on opinions, but not on special experts, but on

personal consumers of the evaluated products. Therefore, the social

The logical method refers to a variety of expert. Collection

Consumer opinions are produced by interviewing or using

spaces and special questionnaire questionnaires,

and also by organizing conferences, exhibitions, auctions,

pilot operation, etc.