Lecture
The term "IT project" is usually used to refer to activities related to the use or creation of some information technology. This leads to the fact that IT projects cover very diverse areas of activity: the development of software applications, the creation of information systems, the deployment of IT infrastructure, etc. In this book, we will often talk about projects to create information systems, implying the implementation of some information technologies .
On the one hand, these works correspond to the classical definition of the project [1, 23]: "A project is a complex of efforts undertaken to obtain specific unique results within the allotted time and within the approved budget, which is allocated to pay for resources used or consumed in project progress. " On the other hand, they have known distinguishing features:
If we talk about the implementation of IT projects, you should pay attention to the following features:
Analysis of statistics shows that approximately 90 percent of IT projects are similar to those already completed. The project manager has experience in implementing such tasks and an understanding of potential problems. In these cases, the hierarchical structure of the project and works (COI / CRP) is formed using the Top-down approach (top to bottom), the typical structure of the project team is used, the project plans (risk management plan, communication plan , etc.) are similar to the plans of previous projects. However, 10 percent of projects are innovative, implemented from scratch and require creativity, innovative solutions and managerial courage. Decision-making in such projects is characterized by high risks, which requires the head of in-depth knowledge of the methodology of project management and understanding of the features of its application in the field of information technology.
The application of project management methodology allows you to fix the goals and results of the project, give them quantitative characteristics, determine the time, cost and quality parameters of the project, create a realistic project implementation plan , highlight, evaluate risks and prevent possible negative consequences during the project implementation.
For effective management, the project must be well structured. The essence of this process is reduced to the selection of the following main elements:
A life cycle is a sequence of project phases through which it must pass in order to guarantee the achievement of project objectives, in our case, for implementing some information technology.
The organizational structure involves the allocation of roles of performers that are necessary for the implementation of the project, the definition of the relationship between them and the distribution of responsibility for the tasks.
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software project management
Terms: software project management