Heterochrony of the development of brain systems.

Heterochronia is the timeliness of the maturation of the brain systems. First, those that are necessary for vital activity ripen, then for mastering operations.

The main line of development of the brain systems is from bottom to top (stem below cortical).

Localization of higher mental functions (APF) by Luria:

The first block of the brain.

Energy or block regulation of tone and wakefulness. Anatomical structures of the first block of the brain:

• brainstem - reticular formation of the trunk
• limbic system (thalamus, pituitary, hypothalamus)
• diencephalic nuclei (subcortical nuclei). Stem and subcortical structures.
• cortex - media-basal cortex of the frontal and temporal regions (in the middle between the hemispheres, basal base, in the middle below).

Functions of the first brain block:

1. The main function - activation of the big hemispheres - maintaining a certain level of wakefulness. Temporary activation - change of periods of sleep and wakefulness, short-term activation - to maintain attention.
2. modally non-specific memory - episodic, personal, memory for events.
3. providing basal emotions - fear, pleasure. There are more negative centers than positive ones.
4. the function of maintaining life in the body is a vital function. Neurohumoral regulation, endocrine system - at the level of the pituitary, hypothalamus; regulation in the activity of internal organs (cardiovascular contractions), regulation of such functions as respiration, thermoregulation, immunity, etc. ...
5. regulator of (instinctive) genetically fixed forms of behavior. For example, behavior in a situation of stress, affect, sexual behavior, a regulator of addiction systems.
6. regulation of muscle tone (for motor activity).

A baby is born at 75% readiness. To start, you need to pass a roundabout paths. And by the time of circulation, everything is anatomically and functionally mature (bark and subcortex). In behavior instinctive forms of behavior: "I want." This unit is leading up to three years. It can suppress the work of other areas of the brain. In adults in severe stressful situations, the cortex and subcortical are involved. It can also happen in a situation of illness.

The second block of the brain.

The unit for receiving, processing and naturally storing exteroceptive information - from the outside from receptors, from the senses, as well as from proprioceptors - from the inside.

Damage to organs - work 2 blocks of the brain. Proprioceptors - are responsible for the position of parts of the body, the state of the muscles.

Anatomically, brain block 2 includes: convexital (superficial cortex of the parietal, temporal, occipital regions of the brain. Cortical link of the analyzer system, temple of the auditory system, nape of the visual system, crown of the skin-kinesthetic system.

The function is information processing.

The fields of the second block of the brain are divided into:

1. Primary fields are the primary processing of impulses that come from the analyzer, directly from the receptor. With the destruction of the primary fields comes cortical blindness.
2. Secondary fields are responsible for further information processing: form, depth, analysis of the information received. With the destruction of secondary fields, agnosia occurs, apraxia - a violation of the objectiveness of perception. Auditory analyzer in the secondary fields: analysis of phonemes, sounds.
3. Tertiary fields - associative - are responsible for the highest level of information processing. Function - the synthesis of information. Associative zones in the upper parietal cortex. Separate sites of the lower parietal cortex. The TPO zone also applies to tertiary fields. This is the overlap zone of the temporal, parietal and occipital regions.

The third block of the brain.

Unit programming, regulation and control of the course of mental activity. Convexital frontal cortex.

The tertiary zone of the cortex is associative, one third of the brain is the frontal part. Animals have one sixth or one tenth. That is why possible VPF in humans.

The functions of the third block of the brain - provides a series of movements. For example, a letter. Smooth switching from one action to another. Targeting, control over all functions of mental activity.