ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY AND RELIABILITY OF ACS

As already emphasized, one of the main objectives of the development of industrial ACS is to obtain a purely economic effect.

It should be emphasized that the assessment of the economic efficiency of ACS in the early stages of its development (preparation of technical specifications, development of technical and working projects) is much more important than at the implementation stage, since such issues as the feasibility of developing this system in general, the choice of its structure option, layout and configuration.

Thus, methods for calculating the indicators of economic efficiency of ACS play a very important role.

However, the existing methods have a big drawback: they are performed without taking into account the reliability of the ACS, and it most significantly affects the indicators of economic efficiency.

In addition to the task of evaluating economic efficiency indicators taking into account reliability at the stage of development of ACS, there is another task in which indicators of economic efficiency and reliability are closely related - determining optimal requirements for reliability of ACS by the criterion of maximum economic efficiency.

5.1. Indicators of economic efficiency of industrial facilities. Economic criteria for the optimization of technical solutions
For comparison on the economic efficiency of various objects (or options for the implementation of the same object), quantitative indicators are needed. Such a comparison is most often performed as follows: 1) they obtain autonomous indicators of the economic efficiency of the compared objects (or options); 2) compare the obtained indicators and make a decision. These indicators are conveniently called intraobjective. These include, for example, the coefficient of economic efficiency of an object, the payback period, reduced costs per unit of output, etc.

Generally speaking, a different way of comparing two objects is possible. Taking certain economic characteristics of the two compared objects, we can calculate some resulting indicator that determines the value of the efficiency of one object compared to another. Such indicators are called interobjective. An example is the annual economic effect of replacing one object with another.

The second way of comparison is methodically significantly inferior to the first, because only pairwise comparison of objects is possible here and if then you need to compare one of these objects with some third, then you need to again calculate the corresponding interobjective indicator. When comparing the first way, indicators of the absolute effectiveness of all compared objects are obtained.

The coefficient of economic efficiency of capital investments was adopted as the main indicator of the total (absolute) economic efficiency of individual objects and technical measures:

Ec.p = P / C (5.1)

where K - capital investments (capital costs) in the considered object or technical measure in ACS); P - the annual profit provided by these capital investments.

If capital investments in independent objects are considered, the amount of annual profit can be presented in the form

P = C-C (5.2)

where C is the cost (in wholesale prices) of the annual output of the product under consideration; With - the cost of annual production.

If capital investments in measures that are an improvement of some existing facilities are considered, including in the ACS, then, firstly, the profit from the introduced measure is the difference between the profit from the improved facility and the profit provided by it before the introduction of the improvement; secondly, in the general case, the introduced improvement can affect both the cost and the cost of annual output. In this regard, the coefficient of economic efficiency

Ec.p = ∆P / K = (P2-P1) / K = [(C2 - C2) - (C1 - C1)] / K = [(C2 - C1) + (C1 - C2)] / K (5.3 )

where P1 and P2, C1 and C2, C1 and C2 are the annual profit, cost and cost of annual production of the facility, respectively, before and after the introduction of improvement.

In both cases, the physical meaning of the coefficient Ec.p remains the same - this is the ratio of profit due to some capital investments to their value. In other words, Ek.p is an indicator of the degree of return on capital investments. Therefore, firstly, in terms of Ec.p, any objects (and improvements) can be compared. Secondly, when calculating Ec.p for various objects there is no need to equalize the volumes of output. Thirdly, as follows from formula (5.3), the source of profit, taken into account when calculating Ec.p for activities aimed at improving existing facilities, can serve as a reduction in the cost of production, as well as an increase in annual output and quality improvement. In the latter case, however, it is necessary that this improvement be reflected in the wholesale price of the product.

When determining the economic efficiency of the ACS developed for the existing facility, the following should be considered