Lecture
Psycholinguistics can be used in various spheres and branches. The possibilities for using psycholinguistics, the reason for its wide range of possible applications, is the complex approach of psycholinguistics – it touches on questions of speech activity, language ability, and the influence of personality characteristics on the production and perception of speech; psycholinguistics finds wide application in various fields of science, among which are:
general psychology, in particular personality psychology and cognitive psychology (the features of personality formation and the influence of language on this, the processes of cognition, and the mechanisms of their organization);
social psychology and the psychology of communication as part of the latter (communication, the transmission of information);
developmental psychology – child and developmental psychology (the formation and development of language ability and speech activity, the formation of semantics and the lexicon);
ethnopsychology (the psychology of peoples, the linguistic picture of the world, and its influence on the behavior of a person and society);
cross-cultural communication in business and organizational development (transnational corporations, working in different countries, and processes within an organization);
advertising and public relations in business and politics (the formation of the image of goods, services, and people; the construction of phrases, images, and their sound accompaniment for the purpose of forming a particular image; associative series and working with large groups);
education (the formation of knowledge, the optimal organization of the process of acquiring, assimilating, and operating with knowledge);
foreign language teaching (the strategy for acquiring and using a second or subsequent language, the mechanisms of language learning);
trainings and interactive learning (the organization of an interactive learning process and the construction of a system of knowledge in business, at enterprises and organizations, the introduction of interactive methods into the traditional education system);
conflictology (the resolution of conflicts and misunderstandings between people at enterprises, in the family, between peoples and states; the use of language and the role of personality in negotiations; the theory of communication);
linguistics (the mutual influence of language, speech, and personality; the creation of texts, associations, and images; the interaction between author and recipient, discourse theory);
questions of translation (the coordination of the linguistic pictures of different languages, cultures, and consciousnesses, the reflection of issues and realities when conveying them in different languages, the processing of discourse and text);
bilingualism (the influence of different cultures and languages on the formation of personality and the linguistic picture of the world, the strategy of using one language or another);
computer science (the creation of artificial languages, computer brains, and artificial intelligence, the storage of information);
pathopsychology (the study of patients with schizophrenia and other mental illnesses, and of language disorders – dyslexia);
psychotherapy and psychoanalysis (the use of language, the identification and formation of associative series and of discourse, the identification of causes, treatment by means of verbal influence taking into account the picture of the world formed in the client's mind);
the education of deaf-blind children (the features of the formation of consciousness and personality depending on the influence of one perceptual system or another);
phonosemantics (the semantic coloring of the sound of various words, and its influence on the perception of a text);
neuropsychology (the encoding and decoding of information at the neurophysiological level);
sociology and sociolinguistics (the processes of communication and interaction in society – in small and large groups; language and speech activity in this respect);
cognitive anthropology (the human being, their cognition, knowledge, and the formation of various processes);
forensics (determining the picture of what occurred, forming methods of obtaining information, analyzing speech interaction), etc.
In its applied aspect, psycholinguistics can be linked to practically all applied fields of psychology: to educational and medical psychology, pathopsychology, neuropsychology, psychiatry and correctional pedagogy (defectology), engineering, space, and military psychology, occupational psychology, forensic and legal psychology, and finally to political psychology and the psychology of mass communication, and the psychology of advertising and propaganda. In essence, it is precisely these applied disciplines, and the linguistic tasks that arise before them, that currently serve as the stimuli for the development of psycholinguistics as an independent scientific field.
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