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Internal data representation and design problem. Koller's operations. An example of designing a kettle using a set of Koller. Criteria.

Lecture



Internal data presentation and design problem

First, a few questions, starting with the most difficult.
How do we start to want new knowledge?
How to get new knowledge?
How are new knowledge added to existing ones?
How is knowledge stored inside us?
How do we solve problems using knowledge?

Having answered these questions, we will come closer to the answer, how to build a system that manipulates knowledge. We'll have to start with the answers to the simplest questions. So far, there is no ready answer to these questions, but the last five years have given new approaches and methods for solving these problems. After the turbulent 60s, and the lull of the 80s, optimism reappears.

How does knowledge exist within us? In the form of what? What is the structure of knowledge? Without fixing knowledge, we can not use them.

1) Thought form. This is not a text, not a formula, not a picture. It's all together. And not just stacked in a pile, but connected to each other. This is a multifaceted structure that can manifest itself by any party. Every time one that is convenient for use. And there is a dynamic in it. And there are connections with other thought forms. And these connections appear and disappear. Thought form is an element of knowledge. Every thought form is a well distinguishable whole.

2) The thought form is alive. She is changing. It represents the properties of an object that imitates from the real world. Or abstraction, if this thoughtform stands on top of the endless pyramid of other thoughtforms.

3) Thought forms are many, they are added, detailed (hierarchically), removed, assembled into structures to solve the problem, mapped, then disintegrated.

4) The medium stores thoughtforms, operates them, binds them into systems and hierarchically, details them, interprets them. The purpose of the environment - the solution of problems, tasks. For this, the medium selects the necessary thought forms, connects them. They form a new composition with new properties, and the environment interprets this combination of properties. The result of the interpretation is the solution of the problem.

Imagine a thought form as a complex model (formula, picture, text, link, sound, and so on). The model has the same properties as the thought form. It is dynamic, potentially contains in itself all the information about an object, imitating it, communicates with others, transforms, details on models connected again with each other, and enlarges. The model can be solved. The model has no input and output. They appear during the binding when solving a specific problem. The model may consist of new models related to each other. The model may be associated with other models of relationships. A model with links can be declared a new model.

All this description is reminiscent of system design. Something consists of something. Gathers and understands. It becomes complicated, communicates in new systems. Somewhere there is a constructor. And someone from the designer collects something on the working field. At the bottom - the simplest objects. By binding, they form larger ones. Then abstract objects appear.

Modeling helps to revitalize the engineered system. Interprets each element according to the rules of operation. Together they show new properties. During the simulation, the answer appears, the result of the problem.

Thus, for a start, we note that, at a minimum, thinking resembles designing objects and modeling projects in our mind.

A good design system is a prototype of artificial intelligence as a first approximation. And what is the "good"? And this means that the abstract (rather than narrow subject), object (rather than functional) interpreter, contains the possibilities of operating with objects (and manipulations, and descriptions), has all possible editors.

Therefore, further it makes sense to talk about design systems. There are two extremes:

1) A very large number of items. From this huge number you can do anything you want, but there is a high level of work. For example, from atoms you can do everything, but hardly anyone will decide on this.

2) A small number of items. This gives a low complexity in assembling the system, but it is very difficult to assemble other systems - the elements have a low degree of universality. The car "Ford" can be divided into 10 parts, but then no matter how you collect, "Lada" will not get.

How to find a middle ground? There should be a small but universal set of elements. But how to find it? There are more than ten systems offering various universal kits.



Koller's operations

Agents (flows): substance, energy, information, force
Qualitative differences A, B, C, ...
Quantitative differences A 1 , A 2 , A 3 , ...
AB Composition
No Operations Reverse operations Notes Technical analogues
one Radiation
  Internal data representation and design problem.  Kollers operations.  An example of designing a kettle using a set of Koller.  Criteria.   Internal data representation and design problem.  Kollers operations.  An example of designing a kettle using a set of Koller.  Criteria.
Absorption
  Internal data representation and design problem.  Kollers operations.  An example of designing a kettle using a set of Koller.  Criteria.   Internal data representation and design problem.  Kollers operations.  An example of designing a kettle using a set of Koller.  Criteria.
Creation and
flow elimination
2 Conductivity
  Internal data representation and design problem.  Kollers operations.  An example of designing a kettle using a set of Koller.  Criteria.   Internal data representation and design problem.  Kollers operations.  An example of designing a kettle using a set of Koller.  Criteria.   Internal data representation and design problem.  Kollers operations.  An example of designing a kettle using a set of Koller.  Criteria.
Isolation
  Internal data representation and design problem.  Kollers operations.  An example of designing a kettle using a set of Koller.  Criteria.   Internal data representation and design problem.  Kollers operations.  An example of designing a kettle using a set of Koller.  Criteria.   Internal data representation and design problem.  Kollers operations.  An example of designing a kettle using a set of Koller.  Criteria.
Conductive
space
Electrolyte
3 Collection
  Internal data representation and design problem.  Kollers operations.  An example of designing a kettle using a set of Koller.  Criteria.   Internal data representation and design problem.  Kollers operations.  An example of designing a kettle using a set of Koller.  Criteria.   Internal data representation and design problem.  Kollers operations.  An example of designing a kettle using a set of Koller.  Criteria.
Scattering
  Internal data representation and design problem.  Kollers operations.  An example of designing a kettle using a set of Koller.  Criteria.   Internal data representation and design problem.  Kollers operations.  An example of designing a kettle using a set of Koller.  Criteria.   Internal data representation and design problem.  Kollers operations.  An example of designing a kettle using a set of Koller.  Criteria.
Makes leak
in one direction.
Space-> path
Reflector (collects the beam
light and scatters it)
four Holding
  Internal data representation and design problem.  Kollers operations.  An example of designing a kettle using a set of Koller.  Criteria.   Internal data representation and design problem.  Kollers operations.  An example of designing a kettle using a set of Koller.  Criteria.   Internal data representation and design problem.  Kollers operations.  An example of designing a kettle using a set of Koller.  Criteria.
Failure
  Internal data representation and design problem.  Kollers operations.  An example of designing a kettle using a set of Koller.  Criteria.   Internal data representation and design problem.  Kollers operations.  An example of designing a kettle using a set of Koller.  Criteria.   Internal data representation and design problem.  Kollers operations.  An example of designing a kettle using a set of Koller.  Criteria.
There is a limit
connections
Wires, pipelines,
riverbed
five Transformation
  Internal data representation and design problem.  Kollers operations.  An example of designing a kettle using a set of Koller.  Criteria.   Internal data representation and design problem.  Kollers operations.  An example of designing a kettle using a set of Koller.  Criteria.   Internal data representation and design problem.  Kollers operations.  An example of designing a kettle using a set of Koller.  Criteria.
Inverse transform
  Internal data representation and design problem.  Kollers operations.  An example of designing a kettle using a set of Koller.  Criteria.   Internal data representation and design problem.  Kollers operations.  An example of designing a kettle using a set of Koller.  Criteria.   Internal data representation and design problem.  Kollers operations.  An example of designing a kettle using a set of Koller.  Criteria.
Property change
flow
Internal engine
combustion (from chemical
energy creates heat
and mechanical)
6 Increase
  Internal data representation and design problem.  Kollers operations.  An example of designing a kettle using a set of Koller.  Criteria.   Internal data representation and design problem.  Kollers operations.  An example of designing a kettle using a set of Koller.  Criteria.   Internal data representation and design problem.  Kollers operations.  An example of designing a kettle using a set of Koller.  Criteria.
Reduction
  Internal data representation and design problem.  Kollers operations.  An example of designing a kettle using a set of Koller.  Criteria.   Internal data representation and design problem.  Kollers operations.  An example of designing a kettle using a set of Koller.  Criteria.   Internal data representation and design problem.  Kollers operations.  An example of designing a kettle using a set of Koller.  Criteria.
Quantity change Amplifiers, transformers, valves, gears
7 Change direction
  Internal data representation and design problem.  Kollers operations.  An example of designing a kettle using a set of Koller.  Criteria.   Internal data representation and design problem.  Kollers operations.  An example of designing a kettle using a set of Koller.  Criteria.   Internal data representation and design problem.  Kollers operations.  An example of designing a kettle using a set of Koller.  Criteria.
Change direction
  Internal data representation and design problem.  Kollers operations.  An example of designing a kettle using a set of Koller.  Criteria.   Internal data representation and design problem.  Kollers operations.  An example of designing a kettle using a set of Koller.  Criteria.   Internal data representation and design problem.  Kollers operations.  An example of designing a kettle using a set of Koller.  Criteria.
Mirrors, gears, light guides
eight Alignment
  Internal data representation and design problem.  Kollers operations.  An example of designing a kettle using a set of Koller.  Criteria.   Internal data representation and design problem.  Kollers operations.  An example of designing a kettle using a set of Koller.  Criteria.   Internal data representation and design problem.  Kollers operations.  An example of designing a kettle using a set of Koller.  Criteria.
Fluctuations
  Internal data representation and design problem.  Kollers operations.  An example of designing a kettle using a set of Koller.  Criteria.   Internal data representation and design problem.  Kollers operations.  An example of designing a kettle using a set of Koller.  Criteria.   Internal data representation and design problem.  Kollers operations.  An example of designing a kettle using a set of Koller.  Criteria.
Rectifiers, diodes, oscillatory circuit
9 Connection
  Internal data representation and design problem.  Kollers operations.  An example of designing a kettle using a set of Koller.  Criteria.   Internal data representation and design problem.  Kollers operations.  An example of designing a kettle using a set of Koller.  Criteria.   Internal data representation and design problem.  Kollers operations.  An example of designing a kettle using a set of Koller.  Criteria.
Interrupt
  Internal data representation and design problem.  Kollers operations.  An example of designing a kettle using a set of Koller.  Criteria.   Internal data representation and design problem.  Kollers operations.  An example of designing a kettle using a set of Koller.  Criteria.   Internal data representation and design problem.  Kollers operations.  An example of designing a kettle using a set of Koller.  Criteria.
Light switches
ten Compound
  Internal data representation and design problem.  Kollers operations.  An example of designing a kettle using a set of Koller.  Criteria.   Internal data representation and design problem.  Kollers operations.  An example of designing a kettle using a set of Koller.  Criteria.   Internal data representation and design problem.  Kollers operations.  An example of designing a kettle using a set of Koller.  Criteria.   Internal data representation and design problem.  Kollers operations.  An example of designing a kettle using a set of Koller.  Criteria.   Internal data representation and design problem.  Kollers operations.  An example of designing a kettle using a set of Koller.  Criteria.
Disconnection
  Internal data representation and design problem.  Kollers operations.  An example of designing a kettle using a set of Koller.  Criteria.   Internal data representation and design problem.  Kollers operations.  An example of designing a kettle using a set of Koller.  Criteria.   Internal data representation and design problem.  Kollers operations.  An example of designing a kettle using a set of Koller.  Criteria.   Internal data representation and design problem.  Kollers operations.  An example of designing a kettle using a set of Koller.  Criteria.   Internal data representation and design problem.  Kollers operations.  An example of designing a kettle using a set of Koller.  Criteria.
Chemical processes, carburetor, mixer, separator, centrifuge
eleven Union
  Internal data representation and design problem.  Kollers operations.  An example of designing a kettle using a set of Koller.  Criteria.   Internal data representation and design problem.  Kollers operations.  An example of designing a kettle using a set of Koller.  Criteria.   Internal data representation and design problem.  Kollers operations.  An example of designing a kettle using a set of Koller.  Criteria.   Internal data representation and design problem.  Kollers operations.  An example of designing a kettle using a set of Koller.  Criteria.   Internal data representation and design problem.  Kollers operations.  An example of designing a kettle using a set of Koller.  Criteria.
Disconnection
  Internal data representation and design problem.  Kollers operations.  An example of designing a kettle using a set of Koller.  Criteria.   Internal data representation and design problem.  Kollers operations.  An example of designing a kettle using a set of Koller.  Criteria.   Internal data representation and design problem.  Kollers operations.  An example of designing a kettle using a set of Koller.  Criteria.   Internal data representation and design problem.  Kollers operations.  An example of designing a kettle using a set of Koller.  Criteria.   Internal data representation and design problem.  Kollers operations.  An example of designing a kettle using a set of Koller.  Criteria.
For homogeneous processes Tee, welding, cutting
12 Accumulation
  Internal data representation and design problem.  Kollers operations.  An example of designing a kettle using a set of Koller.  Criteria.   Internal data representation and design problem.  Kollers operations.  An example of designing a kettle using a set of Koller.  Criteria.   Internal data representation and design problem.  Kollers operations.  An example of designing a kettle using a set of Koller.  Criteria.
Extradition
  Internal data representation and design problem.  Kollers operations.  An example of designing a kettle using a set of Koller.  Criteria.   Internal data representation and design problem.  Kollers operations.  An example of designing a kettle using a set of Koller.  Criteria.   Internal data representation and design problem.  Kollers operations.  An example of designing a kettle using a set of Koller.  Criteria.
Tanks, magnetic tapes, warehouses
13 Display
  Internal data representation and design problem.  Kollers operations.  An example of designing a kettle using a set of Koller.  Criteria.   Internal data representation and design problem.  Kollers operations.  An example of designing a kettle using a set of Koller.  Criteria.   Internal data representation and design problem.  Kollers operations.  An example of designing a kettle using a set of Koller.  Criteria.
Reverse mapping
  Internal data representation and design problem.  Kollers operations.  An example of designing a kettle using a set of Koller.  Criteria.   Internal data representation and design problem.  Kollers operations.  An example of designing a kettle using a set of Koller.  Criteria.   Internal data representation and design problem.  Kollers operations.  An example of designing a kettle using a set of Koller.  Criteria.
Substance, energy -> information The photo
14 Fixing
  Internal data representation and design problem.  Kollers operations.  An example of designing a kettle using a set of Koller.  Criteria.   Internal data representation and design problem.  Kollers operations.  An example of designing a kettle using a set of Koller.  Criteria.   Internal data representation and design problem.  Kollers operations.  An example of designing a kettle using a set of Koller.  Criteria.   Internal data representation and design problem.  Kollers operations.  An example of designing a kettle using a set of Koller.  Criteria.   Internal data representation and design problem.  Kollers operations.  An example of designing a kettle using a set of Koller.  Criteria.
Unlocking
  Internal data representation and design problem.  Kollers operations.  An example of designing a kettle using a set of Koller.  Criteria.   Internal data representation and design problem.  Kollers operations.  An example of designing a kettle using a set of Koller.  Criteria.   Internal data representation and design problem.  Kollers operations.  An example of designing a kettle using a set of Koller.  Criteria.   Internal data representation and design problem.  Kollers operations.  An example of designing a kettle using a set of Koller.  Criteria.   Internal data representation and design problem.  Kollers operations.  An example of designing a kettle using a set of Koller.  Criteria.
Freedom reduction Axes, handcuffs, fork

More about Koller's operations



An example of designing a kettle using a set of Koller

  Internal data representation and design problem.  Kollers operations.  An example of designing a kettle using a set of Koller.  Criteria.
fig.6.1


Criteria

The design process is a focused process. Purposefulness is determined by the choice of criteria.

Requirements for the criteria:
  Internal data representation and design problem.  Kollers operations.  An example of designing a kettle using a set of Koller.  Criteria. Connection with time (the only non-renewable resource).
  Internal data representation and design problem.  Kollers operations.  An example of designing a kettle using a set of Koller.  Criteria. Measurability (quantitative): scale, rating.
  Internal data representation and design problem.  Kollers operations.  An example of designing a kettle using a set of Koller.  Criteria. Comparability (a single unit of measurement, comparability in time, values ​​should be relative).
  Internal data representation and design problem.  Kollers operations.  An example of designing a kettle using a set of Koller.  Criteria. Must assume the possibility of development, reflect it.
  Internal data representation and design problem.  Kollers operations.  An example of designing a kettle using a set of Koller.  Criteria. Independence from each other, their number should be minimal.

Criteria classification:
1) Functional (show how well the function is performed)

  Internal data representation and design problem.  Kollers operations.  An example of designing a kettle using a set of Koller.  Criteria. productivity (processing speed, physico-chemical parameters of the processing intensity);
  Internal data representation and design problem.  Kollers operations.  An example of designing a kettle using a set of Koller.  Criteria. accuracy (measurement, hit, processing);
  Internal data representation and design problem.  Kollers operations.  An example of designing a kettle using a set of Koller.  Criteria. reliability (reliability, durability, persistence);

2) Technological (saving labor)

  Internal data representation and design problem.  Kollers operations.  An example of designing a kettle using a set of Koller.  Criteria. the complexity of manufacturing;
  Internal data representation and design problem.  Kollers operations.  An example of designing a kettle using a set of Koller.  Criteria. technological capabilities;
  Internal data representation and design problem.  Kollers operations.  An example of designing a kettle using a set of Koller.  Criteria. use of materials;
  Internal data representation and design problem.  Kollers operations.  An example of designing a kettle using a set of Koller.  Criteria. the ability to break the product into elements;

3) Economic

  Internal data representation and design problem.  Kollers operations.  An example of designing a kettle using a set of Koller.  Criteria. consumption of materials;
  Internal data representation and design problem.  Kollers operations.  An example of designing a kettle using a set of Koller.  Criteria. power consumption;
  Internal data representation and design problem.  Kollers operations.  An example of designing a kettle using a set of Koller.  Criteria. information support costs;

4) Anthropological

  Internal data representation and design problem.  Kollers operations.  An example of designing a kettle using a set of Koller.  Criteria. ergonomics (full use of human capabilities);
  Internal data representation and design problem.  Kollers operations.  An example of designing a kettle using a set of Koller.  Criteria. beauty;
  Internal data representation and design problem.  Kollers operations.  An example of designing a kettle using a set of Koller.  Criteria. security;
  Internal data representation and design problem.  Kollers operations.  An example of designing a kettle using a set of Koller.  Criteria. environmental friendliness.


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