FOREWORD

The book gives an idea of ​​the text as an object of bibliological and linguistic stylistic analysis. The text is defined as a dynamic unit of a higher order, as a speech product with signs of connectivity and integrity - in the informational, structural and communicative terms. The multidimensionality of the phenomenon of the text dictates the multidimensionality of its characteristics. Therefore, the book examines both questions of text formation and questions of text perception: the text as a product of speech and thought activity and the text as material for perception. The importance of the functional and pragmatic aspects in the study of the text as the basis for the search for the optimal variant of its speech organization is emphasized.

The following tasks of studying the text are taken into account: identifying the forms and regularities of the relationship between external (communicative) factors underlying the design of the text and internal text constants; establishing a relationship between the content plan and the expression plan within the text as a speech work; description and justification of the typology of texts.

When characterizing a text, a communicative-pragmatic principle is implemented in defining text categories.

In recent years, the text has become the object of multi-aspect study. The linguistic aspect, in particular, is stimulated by the development of functional stylistics and the needs of mass communication. The text, representing a complex structure of elements that are diversely related and differing in their qualities, interests researchers primarily in terms of categories of content and form. Therefore, the speech organization of the text, corresponding to its information and communicative qualities, especially attracts the attention of researchers.

There are still many unsolved problems in text theory. There is no unity of views on the typology of texts. There is no proportionality in the degree of development of individual concepts and categories of text.

With the insufficient elaboration of the scientific foundations of the analysis and construction of the text, the inconsistency and subjectivity of assessments and recommendations in practical textbooks turned out to be natural. To develop a typical text analysis methodology - multidimensional and at the same time consistent, it seems necessary to study a large array of different types and genres of text, and in this study it is important to pay attention not so much to what the text consists of, but how it is made. since the text is not the sum of the components, but a solid work, having a target setting, functional purpose and possessing the author's modality.

In the method of analysis, the ratio “author - text - reader” takes far from the last place. The bi-directionality of the text as a result of the activity (for the author) and as material for the activity (for the reader) harbors many secrets of constructing the text and its functioning, generating the text and its perception.

In this edition, an attempt is made to give a comprehensive description of the text, based on materials available in the literature; to help students of philology, journalists, editors and bibliologists understand the complex textual problems and, on this basis, develop the skills of theoretical analysis of texts and their components.