You get a bonus - 1 coin for daily activity. Now you have 1 coin

57. Quantitative and qualitative data in the experiment and in other research methods.

Lecture



Qualitative data are text, a description in natural-scientific language. They may be obtained through the use of qualitative methods (observation, surveys, etc.)

Quantitative data are the next stage in the organization of qualitative data.

Different approaches to the essence of psychological measurement:

1. Presenting the problem as one of assigning numbers on the scale of a psychological variable in order to order psychological objects and perceived psychological properties.

The assumption is that the properties of the measurement scale correspond to the empirically obtained measurement results. It is also assumed that the presented statistical criteria for data processing are adequate to researchers’ understanding of the different types of scales, but the proofs are omitted.

2. This approach goes back to the traditions of the psychophysical experiment, where the measurement procedure has as its ultimate goal the description of phenomenal properties in terms of changes in objective (stimulus) characteristics. This is Stevens’s achievement.

He introduced the distinction between types of scales:

nominal,

ordinal (satisfying the condition of monotonicity, here ranking is possible)

interval (e.g., IQ scores, here it is possible to answer the question «by how much»)

ratio (here the answer is to the question «how many times», with an absolute zero and units of measurement – psychophysics)

Thanks to this, psychological measurement came to serve not only as the establishment of quantitative psychophysical dependencies, but also, in a broader context, as the measurement of psychological variables.

Comments

To leave a comment

If you have any suggestion, idea, thanks or comment, feel free to write. We really value feedback and are glad to hear your opinion.
To reply

Lectures and tutorial on "Experimental psychology"

Terms: Experimental psychology

Psychological experiment
Knowledge by experiment
Deductive approach
Introduction to the psychology of the experiment
Manifest dreams
Natural experiment
Experimental research in psychology
Evaluation of the experimental method in psychology
Behavior of lower organisms
Multi-factor Experimenting Methodology
Correlative psychophysiology
100 Tests on the Topic of Professional Ethics, with Answers
Introduction to Experimental Psychology. Subject Matter and Tasks; History
1. The concept of the experiment as an active method of research. Experimentation in the broad and narrow sense of the word.
2. The psychological experiment and the natural-science experiment.
3. Norms in the structure of the experimental method.
4. Criteria of the objectivity of methods of psychological research.
5. Types of psychological hypotheses and the methods of research corresponding to them.
6. The three basic conditions for drawing a conclusion about a causal relationship. Requirements for the formulation of cause-and-effect hypotheses.
7. Levels of hypotheses tested in a psychological experiment; transitions between them.
8. Experimental control (as a condition for planning and conducting a psychological experiment); its types and means.
9. Types of confounding and forms of their control in a psychological experiment.
10. The conception of the experimental fact as the result of a decision.
11. The experimental method and the observation method in psychology.
12. Inductive laws. The place of induction in the experimental and qualitative methods in psychology.
13. The specificity of different types of psychological experiment.
14. Approaches to understanding the term "experimental planning". Substantive and formal planning.
15. Artefactual conclusions in psychological research.
16. Competing theories and the so-called third competing hypothesis.
17. Deductive inference by the modus tollens syllogism and the asymmetry of conclusions.
18. The thought experiment and mental models of experiments.
19. Classifications of experimental designs. Planning as the selection of designs.
20. Meta-analytic research in psychology.
21. Intra-individual schemes and their application (aims, sources of threats to validity, etc.).
22. The causal type of explanation and generalization. Reductionism in psychological explanations.
23. Requirements that must be met in order to draw reliable/valid conclusions.
24. Systematic confoundings as threats to internal validity
25. Sources and control of the unreliability of data. The relationship between reliability and validity.
26. Schemes of correlational research.
27. The relationship between external and internal validity in intra-individual and between-group schemes.
28. Between-group schemes. The main strategies for selecting and matching participants into groups.
29. Schemes for controlling accompanying confoundings.
30. Additional variables and additional variation in psychological research.
31. Quantitative experiments and quantitative laws in psychology.
32. The observation method in experimental psychology.
33. Types of empirical data in psychological research.
34. The specifics of experiments conducted for scientific and for practical purposes.
35. The «experimenter effect» and the problem of the identity of experimental conditions; Johnson's experiment.
36. The main quasi-experimental designs.
37. Complete and incomplete experimental designs.
38. Planning as a means of increasing the validity of an experiment.
39. The world of theories and psychological reality. The methodological approaches of Popper and Holzkamp.
40. Control of group composition in between-group designs. The problem of the representativeness of the subject and the sample.
41. Operationalization of variables, operational and construct validity
42. Artificial and field experiments in psychology
43. The specifics of the laboratory experiment in experimental psychology
44. Testing statistical hypotheses and its connection with the testing of experimental hypotheses.
45. Control over inference and types of generalization in psychological research.
46. Types of validity as applied to psychological research.
47. The demonstration experiment (study) and the conception of psychological law in Lewin's school
48. Cross-cultural research in psychology
49. The modeling approach in psychology
50. Factorial experiments and conceptions of the interaction of variables in experimental psychology
51. True and pre-experimental designs (according to Campbell) of research in experimental psychology
52. Types of variables and their confounds in a psychological experiment.
53. Types of representativeness; the connection between the notions of representativeness and validity.
54. Classifications of empirical methods in psychology
55. Analytical and graphical representation of the main result of action (MRA) of variables and their interactions
56. Variables and designs in correlational research.
57. Quantitative and qualitative data in the experiment and in other research methods.
58. Statistical decisions and formal planning of an experiment
59. The method of «double stimulation» in the transition to non-classical psychology
60. Special effects clarified by factorial designs. Factorial designs in the representation of non-experimental data.
61. The emergence and control of sequence effects
62. The problem of psychological explanation. The deductive-nomological model.
63. The multilevel experiment and cross-individual designs.
64. The longitudinal method in psychology; the cohort
65. The concept of method and technique in psychological research.
66. Functional control as a condition for planning and conducting a psychological experiment.
67. The relationship between the correlational and quasi-experimental approaches in psychology.
68. Qualitative research in psychology
69. Correlational data and structural modeling in experimental psychology
70. Population hypotheses and sample surveys
Psychological measurement, its types, the measurement scale for a psychological experiment
Experimental psychology and educational practice