Lecture
After the equipment is installed, the application and configuration programs are loaded, including the database for the station instance being set up. Then complete testing of the station is performed in accordance with the accepted test procedure. Acceptance is done using standard software.
Next, the station is integrated into the network. This is the last stage before commissioning the station. This term is understood as a serial connection to the station and verification of subscriber and connecting lines, their testing with the introduction of relevant changes in the database.
Quality assurance is guaranteed by periodic checks, automatic registration of the fact of the check and its results.
Are checked:
The human-machine language is used for administration, maintenance and operation. With its help, the staff receives information about the state of the station, the state of the transmission and reception lines of information and alarm lines. The system also reports damage information and diagnostic results. The language also has standards for formats and sequences of communication commands. Currently, most stations are supplied with a menu-based communication system, while the classic formats defined by ITU are not always respected. Therefore, we give only information about the main teams.
Rules of communication should be issued in the documentation for each station. When interacting with the human-machine communication system, it is necessary to distinguish the initial state, the state of the first interaction (user’s contact with the system) and the state of subsequent interactions.
At the first contact of the user with the system, the system data, passwords and other information necessary for performing maintenance operations of the station are entered.
In this case, the command system includes database generation commands (for example, about the composition of the equipment, installed racks, printed circuit boards, about the existing external environment). We also need a command to delete data entered earlier in the configuration process or due to an error during the initial access, as well as information about the system configuration, remote service objects, configuration of the OKS network No. 7, etc., and select access commands in which passwords are assigned access for administration as a whole or by groups of equipment.
For further interaction (not the primary contact of the user with the system), the following commands are entered:
All commands must be checked for syntactic and semantic correspondence. The following messages may be generated:
The list of commands should also contain:
This device should provide the connection of measuring devices to the subscriber line. In this case, there are two ways of such a connection.
One way has already been considered when describing the BORSHT subscriber kit. Testing function is provided for connection, and the subscriber set contains contacts that provide connection of a test device, i.e., a device that performs not only verification of compliance with normal conditions, but can also perform testing under extreme conditions (imitation of the maximum line length, maximum variation of parameters power supplies, etc.).
At the stations, devices are used to connect from the cross where subscriber lines are entered. With this connection, a complete separation of the linear and station side is ensured so that the station equipment does not affect the verification of the line parameters. Equipment connected to the cross, consists of measuring and service parts.
The measuring part allows:
For the measurement and testing of lines, a connection to a line is often used by establishing a connection through the instruments (switching field and sets) of the station. In this case, it is necessary to exclude the influence of these devices of the station on the measurement results - for example, to turn off the power supply elements.
The service part contains a remote control that allows you to:
Auto subscriber is designed to check the quality of the station. It establishes control connections between the test station numbers that are connected to its inputs. He can make single and group calls. Currently, it can be implemented in hardware and software. The numbers and the order of calling are given by the service personnel. To check the quality of the spoken path, it contains a frequency generator, which simulates the passage of the conversation and checks the level of signals in the spoken path. The device should also contain tools for collecting statistics on the number of calls made and the results of each call.
Means of control are provided for work with stations of other systems and long-distance stations.
It is possible to set the device to stop if the test connection fails, in order to allow the analysis of the station instruments during the failure.
Modern stations provide a large set of tools for program support administration, maintenance and operation. Consider some of them.
This function consists in the fact that the operator records all the characteristics of the call with the fixation of events, with a time stamp during the phase of the call phase. Selective control is performed by the type of calls (regional, long-distance, international, all types of calls). The following information is collected:
Tariffing is one of the important aspects of administration at the station, providing a profitable part of the operation.
To account for the cost, the following parameters are taken into account:
During operation, the following cost accounting methods can be used:
The moment of commencement of accrual can be set according to the following options:
When paying, you should consider some features of the conversation:
Automatic preparation of data for a report on each call may include the following records transmitted to the billing center:
For ISDN subscribers, you can display the same full account of each of the channels B.
To share revenues between network operators, it is necessary to consider the separation of incoming and outgoing loads. This allows telecom operators to establish the division of revenues depending on the incoming and outgoing loads.
For subscribers the following service is provided:
To account for the station can be monitored:
At the station, it is possible to determine within one station several own subzones with different tariffs and taking into account the cost.
Software helps staff to keep statistics on income received: by time of day, by type of communication, by categories of subscribers.
At the station, the software guarantees the safety of billing data. For this, user accounts are stored in write-protected areas. The protection team is removed only in certain areas when making new entries.
Subscriber data is duplicated and stored on different types of media.
Any telecommunication system provides for light and acoustic signaling.
Currently, there is an alarm on printed circuit boards (for example, on the clock pulse generator boards, power supply units, etc.).
There is a rack-mounted alarm system that is displayed on a special panel. It signals the status of devices, non-productive occupations, etc. In most cases, the alarm is carried out using LEDs. The following rules are accepted at most stations:
Summarizing information is displayed on the station light panel. Serious damage resulting in the failure of a significant number of services is accompanied by an acoustic signal.
Details are read by service personnel from the display of the station console.
To ensure the station under overload conditions are used:
In case of overloads, the system serves the calls as with a normal load with a validly exceeded waiting time.
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Telecommunication Services and Devices
Terms: Telecommunication Services and Devices