Questions for self-test - 11. PSYCHOLOGICAL BASES OF METHODS OF

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process of social interaction, leading to a change in any aspects of the individuality of the student, his behavior and consciousness, a form of implementing the functions of the educator.
Traditionally, four main methods of influence are distinguished: persuasion; suggestion; infection; imitation.
Persuasion includes a system of arguments that substantiate the put forward wishes, proposals, etc.
Suggestion, like persuasion, is aimed at removing specific filters that stand in the way of new information and protect a person from delusions and mistakes.
The phenomenon of infection most often occurs in a group of people who are guided in their behavior by their emotional state, act on the basis of information accepted without proper analysis, or repeat the actions of other people.
Imitation is following an example or model, which is manifested in one person repeating some actions, gestures, intonations, and even copying certain character traits of another person. Imitation can be voluntary and involuntary. At different age periods, imitation plays a different role in a person's life.
In modern psychological and pedagogical science, directed and undirected influences are considered.
Forms of education are ways of organizing the educational process, ways of purposefully organizing the collective and individual activities of students. The main mental factors of human development are self-education, self-training, self-improvement.
Self-education is the process of a person's assimilation of the experience of previous generations through internal mental factors that ensure development; this is a person's activity aimed at changing his personality in accordance with consciously set goals, established ideals and beliefs.
Self-education is a system of internal self-organization for the assimilation of the experience of generations, aimed at one's own development. Self-training is the process of a person's direct acquisition of the experience of generations through his own aspirations and self-chosen means.
Self-knowledge includes: self-observation, self-analysis, self-assessment, self-comparison. Self-control is based on: self-conviction, self-control, self-command, self-suggestion, self-reinforcement, self-confession, self-coercion. Self-stimulation involves: self-affirmation, self-approval, self-encouragement, self-punishment, self-restraint. Principles are general guidelines that require a sequence of actions under various conditions and circumstances.
Pedagogical patterns of education are an adequate reflection of the objective reality of the educational process, which has general stable properties under any specific circumstances.
A situation of success is a subjective experience of achievements, a child's internal satisfaction with his or her participation in the activity, his or her own actions and the result obtained.
Understanding education as the creation of conditions for human development determines the principles of conformity to nature and conformity to culture. The approach to education as a purposeful development of personality implies the principle of centering education on personality development.
The principle of conformity to nature in European pedagogy of the 18th-19th centuries served as the basis for various theories of education, which received the general name of pedagogical naturalism, including the theory of free education. The principle of conformity to nature also underlay pedology, some ideas of which have been preserved in the theories of the age approach and the individual approach. The modern interpretation of the principle of conformity to nature proceeds from the fact that education should be based on a scientific understanding of natural and social processes, be consistent with the general laws of development of nature and man, and form in him a sense of responsibility for the evolution of the noosphere and himself. The modern interpretation of the principle of conformity to culture assumes that education should be based on universal human values ​​and be built taking into account the characteristics of ethnic and regional cultures, solving the problems of introducing a person to various layers of culture (everyday, physical, sexual (e.g., social, material, spiritual, political, economic, intellectual, moral, etc.).
In Europe, America, Japan there are many different theories and approaches to education. The first group consists of the concepts of authoritarian, technocratic pedagogy.
The model of education of humanistic pedagogy, which is based on the direction of humanistic psychology, developed in the 50-60s. XX century. in the USA in the works of such scientists as A. Maslow, V. Frankl, K. Rogers, J. Kelly and others. The main concepts of humanistic pedagogy are "self-actualization of a person", "personal growth", "developmental assistance".
Self-actualization is the realization of oneself in activity, in relationships with people, in a full-blooded "good" life on a chosen and changing life path. Waldorf education is a set of methods and techniques of education and training based on the anthroposophical interpretation of human development as a holistic interaction of physical, mental and spiritual factors.

Questions for self-test

1. What is an "educational method"?
2. How do educational methods differ from teaching methods?
3. Classify educational methods by sources of knowledge.
4. What is the essence of consciousness formation methods?
5. Name the features of using the persuasion method in education.
6. What is related to the methods of organizing activities and forming behavior?
7. How does the use of the exercise method in education differ from its use in training?
8. What is related to the methods of forming feelings and relationships?
9. Name the main methods of education.
10. How do educational methods differ from educational methods?
11. Name the main methods of influence.
12. How does persuasion differ from other methods of influence?
13. What is suggestion?
14. When does the phenomenon of contagion most often occur?
15. Name the age-related features of imitation.
16. Compare different types of influence.
17. How do forms of education differ from methods of education?
18. Give definitions to the concepts: "self-education", "self-education", "self-training".
19. Name the main methods of self-education and self-education.
20. What levels of self-education, self-training does A.K. Markov distinguish?
21. What techniques does self-education involve?
22. What is meant by the principles of education?
23. Name and describe the basic principles of education.
24. What is meant by the pedagogical laws of education?
25. What is the difference between the principle of conformity to nature and the principle of conformity to culture?
26. Give a modern interpretation of the principle of conformity to nature.
27. How can the principle of conformity to culture in education be implemented in modern conditions?
28. In which systems of education known to you is the principle of focusing education on personality development most fully implemented, in your opinion?
29. What is the essence of the technocratic approach to education?
30. Name the main representatives of the humanistic approach to education.

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Часть 1 11. PSYCHOLOGICAL BASES OF METHODS OF EDUCATION
Часть 2 Questions for self-test - 11. PSYCHOLOGICAL BASES OF METHODS OF