Lecture
According to the subjectivity effect (neglect of subjectivity), in many situations involving decision-making or a dispute, people try to make decisions about the future based solely on their own logical analysis, and to regard the logical option that seemed correct to them as the only correct one. However, besides logic, one must also take into account subjective experience and opinion, one's own psychological state and the state of the opposing side, and the subjective opinion of the opponent.
Risk identification is the foundation of successful risk management. Typically, risk identification takes 60% of the work in the process, and the rest of the work falls into the category of "Just do it!". There are various methods of gathering information that obtain data from all the people involved in the project. An eternal problem with risk management information is its subjectivity. Different people will perceive risks differently. For example, a financial risk may not attract the attention of the chief technical officer, and a technical risk is unlikely to be considered a risk by the financial manager. Responsibility for eliminating subjectivity and ensuring the quality of risk information rests with the risk management team. Subjectivity can be avoided by using the Delphi method, since it preserves the anonymity of expert opinions even after the identification phase is complete.
Subjective experience, subjective feeling — a fundamental philosophical and psychological concept: an experience undergone by only one person , an element of subjective reality. It plays a basic role in the description of human mental life in most approaches.
The question of separating objective components (external reality) from subjective experience is one of the central questions of epistemology, resolved in different ways by different schools of philosophy .
Within psychology and pedagogy, a more specific interpretation of subjective experience is also considered: as a structure of individual knowledge and skills acquired in the course of learning . In systemic psychophysiology, the formation of an element of subjective experience is called systemogenesis — the formation, during learning, of a new system aimed at achieving a useful adaptive result .
A. Revonsuo defines mental life as consisting of subjective experiences, and consciousness as "an inner stream of subjective experiences, directly present in us and constantly revealing itself to us", declaring the science of consciousness to be "the science of subjective experience". According to Revonsuo, the need to develop a new field of science arises because the existing scientific disciplines that study behavior, thinking or the brain (behaviorism, cognitive psychology, cognitive neuroscience) ignore subjective experience, limiting themselves to the study of exclusively objective phenomena .
David Chalmers notes that cognitive psychology and cognitive neuroscience study consciousness exclusively from the third-person perspective, whereas understanding subjective experience requires the study of consciousness from the first-person perspective. In Chalmers's view, the science of consciousness must systematically integrate these two classes of data. Subjective experience includes the following first-person data:
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