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Classification of operating systems and list of operating systems

Lecture



Content

  • 1 Classification of operating systems
  • 2Early, historically significant
    • 2.1Early, proprietary
  • 3 Proprietary
    • 3.1Acorn
    • 3.2Amiga
    • 3.3Atari ST
    • 3.4Apple / Macintosh
    • 3.5 Be Corporation
    • 3.6Novell
    • 3.7DEC / Compaq / HP
    • 3.8IBM
    • 3.9ICT / ICL
    • 3.10Microsoft
    • 3.11Strawberry Development Group.
    • 3.12Sun Microsystems
    • 3.13Other proprietary Unix-like and other POSIX-compatible operating systems.
  • 4Free
    • 4.1Open Source Unix-like
    • 4.2 Research Unix-like
    • 4.3 Research non-UNIX
  • 5Disk Operating Systems
  • 6Automatic / internal, non-UNIX, and others
    • 6.1Siemens AG
  • 7 Home OS
  • 8 Operational systems for BC
  • 9Operating systems for Spectrum
  • 10Application systems
    • 10.1 Remote PC (PDA)
    • 10.2 Smartphones
    • 10.3 Routers
    • 10.4 MINIATS
    • 10.5 Microcontrollers, embedded operating systems, real-time operating systems
  • 11 Fictional operating systems
  • 12Links
  • 13 Literature

Operating System Classification

Operating systems can be classified by basic technology (Unix-like or similar to Windows), license type (proprietary or open), is it currently being developed (outdated DOS or NextStep or modern Linux and Windows), for workstations (DOS, Apple) , or for servers (AIX), real-time OS and embedded OS (VxWorks, QNX), PDA, or specialized (production management, training, etc.).

Early, historically significant

  • CTSS (The Compatible TimeShare System, developed at MIT - Massachusetts Institute of Technology)
  • Incompatible_Timesharing_System (The Incompatible Timeshare System, developed at MIT for DEC 10/20 servers)
  • THE operating system (developed by Edsger Dijkstra and others)
  • MULTICS (project Bell Labs, GE, and MIT)
  • Master program developed by Leo Computers, Leo III in 1962.

Early, proprietary

  • Apple Computer (earlier versions were in ROM along with Integer BASIC language interpreter; later versions were bundled with Microsoft BASIC)
  • Business Operating System (BOS) - Cross-platform, command-line based
  • Commodore PET, Commodore 64, and Commodore VIC-20,
  • The very first IBM-PC (3 OS went to the world of UCSD p-System, CPM-86, PC-DOS)
  • Sinclair Micro and QX, and the like.
  • TRS-DOS, ROM OS (improved Microsoft BASIC file system interpreter)
  • TI99-4
  • Flex (from Technical Systems Consultants for Motorola 6800-based microcomputers: SWTPC, Tano, Smoke Signal Broadcasting, Gimix, others)
  • FLEX9 (from Motorola 6809 based TSC)
  • mini-FLEX (from TSC for 5.25 "floppy on 6800 machines)
  • HDOS - Heath DOS, for microcomputers.
  • Cray Operating System for supercomputers Cray Research Inc.

Proprietary

Acorn

  • Arthur
  • Arx
  • RISC OS
  • RISCiX

Amiga

  • AmigaOS
  • MorphOS

Atari ST

  • TOS
  • MultiTOS
  • MiNT

Apple / Macintosh

Mac OS logo

  • Apple dos
  • A / UX
  • Prodos
  • GS / OS
  • Mac os
  • Mac os x
  • Apple darwin

Be Corporation

80px

  • BeOS
  • Beia
  • Zeta

Novell

  • Netware 3.x, including Netware v3.12
  • Netware 4.x
  • Netware 5.x
  • Netware 6.x

DEC / Compaq / HP

  • AIS
  • OS-8
  • ITS (for PDP-6 and PDP-10)
  • TOPS-10 (for PDP-10)
  • TOPS-20 (for PDP-10)
  • WAITS
  • TENEX (from BBN)
  • RSTS / E (worked on several types of machines, mostly PDP-11)
  • RSX-11 (multi-user, multi-tasking OS for PDP-11s)
  • RT-11 (single user for PDP-11)
  • VMS (from DEC for the VAX computer series, later renamed to OpenVMS)
  • HP-UX from HP
  • OSF / 1 (from DEC; renamed twice, first to Digital UNIX, then Tru64)

Ibm

  • IBSYS
  • OS / 2
    • OS / 2 v1.0 Released in December 1987, OS / 2 1.00 was the first operating system with i80286 built-in multitasking.
    • OS / 2 v1.10SE In October 1988, OS / 2 version 1.10SE (Standard Edition) was released.
    • OS / 2 v1.10EE Year 1989
    • OS / 2 v1.20 Year 1989. The November version of OS / 2 1.20 (SE and EE) offered the user an improved Presentation Manager.
    • OS / 2 v1.30 Year 1991. Also SE and EE)
    • OS / 2 v2.00 Spring 1992. This is the first OS / 2 system that requires an i386 processor with its protected mode.
    • OS / 2 v2.10 May 1993. To reduce the price of their products at the end of 1993, IBM released OS / 2 version 2.11, which did not contain Win-OS / 2 subsystems and was installed on top of Windows 3.1.
    • OS / 2 v3.0 "Warp" and "Warp Connect" In October 1994, OS / 2 Warp3 debuted.
    • OS / 2 v4.0 "Merlin" September 1996.
    • OS / 2 Warp 4.5 Server for E-business "Aurora" In April 1999, the new IBM OS / 2 Warp4.5 Server for E-business (Aurora) was introduced to the market. Further updates were given the names CP1 and CP2 (Convenience Package), based on Aurora.
    • FreeOS The first free OS / 2 creation project
    • osFree TPE In December 1999, work began on osFree TPE, a freely available OS / 2 equivalent based on OS / 2 v4.0 "Merlin" source code.
    • osFree In 2000, the development of a freely available OS / 2 based on L4 was started: Pistachio
    • eComStation 1.x
  • AIX (a kind of Unix)
  • AIX / RT
  • AIX / 6000
  • AIX PC
  • AIX / ESA
  • AIX / 370
  • AIX 5L
  • OS / 400
  • VM / CMS
  • Dos / 360
  • Dos / vse
  • OS / 360 (the first OS developed for the System 360 architecture)
  • MFT (later called OV / VS1)
  • MVT (later called OV / VS2)
  • Svs
  • MVS (late version of MVT)
  • TPF
  • ALCS
  • OS / 390
  • z / OS, next version of IBM OS / 390
  • z / VM (late version of VM)
  • z / VSE (late version of VSE)
  • Basic Operating System (the first OS implemented for the System 360 architecture)
  • PC-DOS OEM version of MS-DOS, subsequently finalized independently.
  • EC OS computer non-IBM series of IBM-compatible operating systems

ICT / ICL

  • George
  • VME
  • DME
  • Tme

Microsoft

  • MSX-DOS
  • MS-DOS
  • Microsoft Windows

    • Windows 1.0
    • Windows 2.0 (for 80286)
    • Windows 3.0 is the first version to have commercial success.
    • Windows 3.1
    • Windows 3.11
    • Windows 95
    • Windows 98
    • Windows me
    • Windows NT (developed for Microsoft by a team led by David Cutler)
    • Windows NT 3.5
    • Windows NT 4.0
    • Windows 2000 (otherwise, Windows NT v5.0)
    • Windows XP (internally based on Win2K; versions: Home, Professional, Embedded, Tablet PC Edition, Media Center Edition)
    • Windows Server 2003
    • Windows vista
    • Windows Server 2008
    • Windows 7
    • Windows 8
  • Xenix (licensed version of Unix; sold by SCO in the 1990s)
  • Windows CE (compact edition - compact edition for handheld computers)
  • Pocket PC, Windows Mobile - modern versions of Windows CE
  • Windows phone

Strawberry development group

  • EROS
  • Capros

Sun microsystems

  • SunOS, Unix-like
  • Solaris, Unix-like, is based on SunOS 4.x (Solaris 1.x) and SunOS 5.x (Solaris 2.x, 7 and later)
  • Java Desktop System

Other proprietary Unix-like and other POSIX-compatible operating systems.

  • Aegis / OS (Apollo Computer)
  • Cromix (Unix emulating OS from Cromemco)
  • Coherent (Mark Williams Co. Emulating Unix OS for Personal Computers)
  • DNIX
  • Dynix
  • Idris
  • IRIX from SGI
  • NeXTSTEP
  • OPENSTEP
  • OS-9 Unix-like RTOS. (Microware Emix Unix OS for Motorola 6809 processor)
    • OS-9 / 68k (Microware Emulated Unix OS for Motorola 680x0; created from OS-9)
    • OS-9000 (Microware Unix Portable Emulation; one of the implementations designed for Intel x86)
  • Plan 9 (network OS, developed by Bell Labs Computer Research)
  • Inferno (network OS, developed by Bell Labs Computer Research)
  • QNX (POSIX, a microkernel operating system; used mainly in embedded real-time systems)
  • Rhapsody
  • RiscOS
  • SCO UNIX (from Santa Cruz Operation, purchased by Caldera, later renamed to SCO)
  • System V (AT & T Unix implementation, 'SVr4' 4th release). In fact, the latest "clean" UNIX. Everything else is usually called UNIX like ...
  • UNIflex (Emulated Unix OS from TSC for DMA-compatible, Motorola 6809 with extended addressing; for example, SWTPC, GIMIX, ...)
  • Ultrix (the first Unix version for VAX and PDP-11 from DEC, based on BSD)
  • UniCOS
  • Venix

Free

Open Source Unix-like

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  • BSD (Berkeley Software Distribution, Unix implementation for DEC VAX)
    • 386BSD (one of the open source variations of BSD)
    • FreeBSD (one of the open source BSD branches)
    • OpenBSD (one of the open source variations of BSD)
    • NetBSD (one of the open source variations of BSD)
    • DragonFly BSD (one of the open source variations of BSD)
    • PC BSD (one of the open source variations of BSD)
    • Midnight BSD (one of the open source variations of BSD)
  • GNU / Hurd (OS, implemented as a set of servers running on the Mach microkernel)
    • Hurd / L4 (OS implemented as a set of servers running on the L4 microkernel)

  Classification of operating systems and list of operating systems

  • GNU / Linux (see Linux)
    • Linux (most free Unix-like kernel)
    • Cosmoe (based on the Linux kernel and uses a lot of AtheOS code, similar to BeOS)
  • OpenSolaris (Solaris Codes Discovery Project)
  • Plan 9 (distributed OS, developed by Bell Labs)
    • Plan B (distributed OS derived from Plan 9)
    • Off ++ (distributed OS derived from Plan 9)
  • Inferno (virtual OS, developed by Bell Labs)
  • SSS-PC (developed at Tokyo University)

Research Unix-like

  • UNIX (developed by Bell Labs in 1970, idea by Ken Thompson)
  • Mach (from OS kernel developers at CMU; see NeXTSTEP)
  • Minix (learning OS from Andrew Tanenbaum from the Netherlands)
  • Amoeba (developed by Andrew Tanenbaum])
  • K42 (developed by IBM)

Non-UNIX research

  • 3OS - Object Oriented Operation System
  • AROS - Amiga Research OS, AmigaOS-like for the x86 processor line
  • Nemesis Research OS from the University of Cambridge - details (in English) [1]
  • TUNES, 1994
  • V (operating system) Stanford, early 1980s

Disk Operating Systems

  • QDOS (developed by Seattle Computer Products for Intel 808x processors; also known as SCP-DOS; licensed by Microsoft - has become MS-DOS / PC-DOS)
    • MS-DOS (developed by Microsoft for IBM PC-compatible machines)
    • PC-DOS (IBM DOS version for PC)
    • DR-DOS (MS-DOS compatible OS from Digital Research, then Novell, Caldera, Siemens AG ..; currently used for specific tasks) [2]
    • FreeDOS (Free DOS, target is 100% MS-DOS compatible) [3]
    • ROM-DOS (MS-DOS compatible OS from Datalight for embedded systems) [4]
  • GEM (Graphical User Interface for MS-DOS / DR-DOS from Digital Research)

Author / internal, non-UNIX, and others

  • AOS, new name Bluebottle (Oberon operating system)

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  • AROS Open source (Amiga® Research Operating System) [5]
  • AtheOS (developed on the basis of the Syllable branch)
  • Bluebottle (see AOS)
  • Control Program / Monitor (CP / M)
    • CP / M-80 (CP / M for the Intel 8080/8085 and Zilog Z80 from Digital Research)
    • CP / M-86 (CP / M for Intel 8088/86 from Digital Research)
    • MP / M-80 (multi-program version CP / M-80 from Digital Research)
    • MP / M-86 (multi-program version CP / M-86 from Digital Research)
  • UCSD p-System (portable programming environment / operating system / virtual machine, developed by students of the University of California and San Diego; managed by Professor Ken Bowles; written in Pascal)
  • FLEX9 (from TSC for Motorola 6809; heir to the FLEX that worked on the Motorola 6800)
  • JavaOS (main component is Java VM)
  • SSB-DOS (from TSC for Smoke Signal Broadcasting; FLEX version)
  • DESQView (Multi-window Graphical User Interface for MS-DOS, 1985)
  • Geos
  • NewOS open source
  • Oberon / operating system (developed by ETH-Zurich Niklaus Wirth and others) for Ceres and Chameleon workstations. see also Oberon (programming language)
  • osFree (open source version of OS / 2, [6])
  • TripOS, 1978
  • VisiOn (the first graphical user interface for the PC, did not have commercial success.)
  • VME from International Computers Limited (ICL)
  • MorphOS (by Genesi)
  • NetWare (from Novell)
  • NeXTStep (more or less embedded on Mac OS X by NeXT)
  • Pick (licensed and renamed)
  • Primos from Prime Computer (sometimes spelled PR1MOS or PR1ME)
  • Fujitsu-Siemens OSD / XC (BS2000 ported to emulate Sun to SPARC platform)
  • Fujitsu OS-IV (based on IBM's early MVS)
  • Fujitsu MSP (OS-IV heir)
  • SkyOS (commercial OS for PC) [7]
  • Haiku-OS free BeOS clone

Siemens AG [edit]

  • BS1000
  • BS2000
  • BS3000 (functionally similar to Fujitsu's OS-IV and MSP)
  • VM2000

Home OS

File: Kalibri OS Logo.jpg

  • KolibriOS (the project is based on MenuetOS and is placed on a single diskette)
  • LainOS (project based on FreeBSD. Navean Navi GUI from Serial Experiments Lain)
  • MenuetOS (fit on one floppy disk)
  • Miraculix
  • Panalix

  Classification of operating systems and list of operating systems

  • ReactOS (free clone of Windows NT)
  • Syllable (almost completely compatible with POSIX)
  • Trion Operating System
  • Visopsis (VISOPSYS - Visual Operating System)
  • UzhOS
  • XSKernel (operating system kernel project codenamed XSystem)

Operating systems for BC

Operating systems operating on BK-0010, BK-0010-01, BK-0011 and BK-0011M

  • ANDOS
  • MK-DOS
  • CSI-DOS
  • Nord
  • OS BK-11 (RT-11 version)
  • AO-DOS
  • BASIS
  • DOSB10
  • PascalDOS
  • Microdos
  • DX-DOS
  • HC-DOS
  • RT-11 (in external ROM)
  • NORTON-BK
  • Ramon
  • KMON
  • Turbo-dos
  • BKUNIX

Spectrum Operating Systems

  • + 3DOS
  • C-DOS
  • CP / M
  • Doors
  • IS-DOS
  • Pinkfloyd
  • TASiS
  • TR-DOS

Application Systems

Handheld Computer (PDA)

  • Palm OS from Palm Inc; PalmSource divisions now
  • Pocket PC, Windows Mobile from Microsoft
  • EPOC, originally from Psion (UK), is currently being developed by Symbian, branded as Symbian OS
  • Microsoft's Windows CE
  • Linux in Sharp Zaurus

Smartphones

  • Windows Mobile Smartphone based on Windows CE
  • Linux MontaVista Linux on Motorola's A760, E680
  • Symbian OS

Routers

  • Cisco CatOS
  • Cisco IOS
  • Cisco IOS XR based on QNX
  • Juniper Networks Junos
  • LinkBuilder from 3Com
  • MikroTik RouterOS by MikroTik
  • Cisco PIX OS
  • RapidOS from Riverstone Networks

PBX

  • Orix by Avaya

Microcontrollers, embedded operating systems, real-time operating systems

  • Contiki
  • eCos
  • Freertos
  • INTEGRITY
  • ITRON
  • LynxOS [8]
  • Montavista Linux
  • Nucleus
  • QNX
  • OS-9 by Microware
  • OS-9000 by Microware
  • OSE from ENEA
  • OSEK
  • Rdos
  • RTEMS initial development was carried out by order of the US Department of Defense, now opensource (GPL-like license)
  • RTOS
  • Threadx
  • TRON OS Developer - Ken Sakamura
  • uC / OS-II for microcontrollers
  • µCLinux
  • Vxworks

Fictional operating systems

Non-existent operating systems mentioned in jokes, books, movies, etc.

  • ALTIMIT_OS - From the .hack Universe
  • Hyper OS - From Patlabor
  • Wheatonix - April Fool's joke.
  • Digitronix - from The Hacker Files
  • Luna / X - Google April 2004 Joke. [9]

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Operating Systems and System Programming

Terms: Operating Systems and System Programming