11. Body-oriented approach in individual and family counseling.

Plan

1. Basic theoretical principles

2. Consulting techniques

1. Basic theoretical principles

The disciple of Z. Freud V. Reich (1897-1957), developing the ideas of classical psychoanalysis, introduced into psychotherapy the problem of physicality as the basic condition of human existence. He regarded the mind and body as indissoluble parts of a single whole, the loss of the connection between them lies at the basis of the neurotic conflict of modern man.

V. Reich focused on the emancipation of the person, on the disbanding of the protective muscular armor, the restoration of the ability to feel, to love. Theoretical constructions and specific techniques developed by V. Reich formed the basis of various methods of modern psychotherapy: Lowen's bioenergetic analysis, Rolf structural integration, Grof's Holotropic breathing, Baskakov's Tanato-therapy, Yanov's primary cry, Feldenkreis and Alexander methods, etc.

Personality theory

V. Reich views a person first of all as an energy being and expands the ideas of classical psychoanalysis of the essence of libido. Under libido, he is invited to understand all the major biological and psychological processes. Developing the theory of "resistance", V. Reich connects "transference" with muscular tension. The "shell of character" is functionally identical with muscle strain, muscle shell. This functional identity means nothing more than the fact that muscular patterns and character traits serve the same function in the mental apparatus: they can influence each other and replace each other. Essentially they cannot be separated; by function they are identical. At the energy level, V. Reich proposed to single out three autonomously functioning levels in the personality structure:

1. “Superficial” is a “pretended social level” formed under the influence of the social values ​​of society, which approves only certain forms of interpersonal communication.

2. "Intermediate" - "antisocial" level consists of

"Secondary" impulses, including aggressive sadistic and sexual attraction.

3. “Biological core” - “deep level” consists of natural-social impulses of “truly human” character, including feelings of freedom and love.

Developing the energy theory, V. Reich in the 50s of the twentieth century proposed to consider “orgone energy” as an energy of cosmic origin, linking it with the theory of “panspermia of life”. According to this theory, life is the basic property of matter, the cosmos is saturated with the spores of life, with the help of which it spreads on the planets. Thus, a person already at his appearance as a species is subject to the "laws of the cosmos." Normally, a healthy person's libido circulates freely at autonomous levels and provides communication between man and space.

The blocking of the current of energy occurs in seven rings located at a right angle to the spine. The main segments of the muscular armor are located in the area of ​​the eyes, mouth, neck, chest, diaphragm, abdomen, pelvis.

Apprentice V. Reich A. Loewen on the basis of the circles of the formation of muscle armor identifies 9 types of character: oral, masochistic, hysterical, phallic-narcissistic, passive-feminine, schizophrenic, schizoid.

Theory of Neurosis

According to V. Reich, the genesis of neurosis is associated not so much with the personality characteristics of a person, as with the conditions of his social life. Under the influence of the social institutions of bourgeois society, natural-social impulses are reborn into aggressive-sexual manifestations. At the surface level, they cannot manifest themselves, which leads to an inevitable personal conflict within. Thus, the sociocultural conditions of the individual in modern society inevitably lead to the emergence of a neurosis. Neurosis becomes a prerequisite for the existence of modern man, his payment for the comfort and safety of technological civilization.

Such an understanding of the nature of psychotic disorders echoes the ideas of a contemporary of V. Reich J. Moreno, who also saw the principal path of development of psychotherapy in reforming the social institutions of society.

At the bodily level, the pressure of society causes chronic muscle clamps that block three main emotional states:

anxiety, anger, sexual arousal

2. Consulting techniques

The purpose of counseling is to restore the integrity of a person and his connection with the entire universe. The idea of ​​body-oriented counseling on B. Reich is to work with the muscular armor. It is proposed by means of specially selected exercises to consistently relieve tension in each of its seven segments. Each segment is more or less independent and the consultant independently chooses the sequence in which to work with them.

In blooming the shell use three types of tools:

1. The accumulation of energy in the body through deep breathing;

2. Direct effect on chronic muscle clamps through massage techniques (rubbing, pinching, twisting, patting, etc.);

3. Analysis and restructuring of the emotions arising from the client, working with memories of traumatic situations.

The purpose of such counseling is to revive the body, return it mobility and natural ability to vibrate. A person with such a body is capable of fully expressing pleasure and pain, joy and disappointment. A. Loewen suggested using a series of exercises to achieve this goal.

1. Basic grounding and vibration.

2. Arch or arc

3. Rotation of the hips

4. Backing and movement of the pelvis.

5. Bending back.

6. The joy of life.

7. Keeping body weight on one leg.

8. Stretching the hips.

9. Expression of anger.

10. Outbreak of anger.

11. Twisting aggression. 12. Ring or full arch.

13. Flexion of the feet - return to squatting.

14. Duck tail.

15. Vibration of the knees.

16. Beat the pelvis.

17. Work with the face.