Lecture
Solving problems using a computer should consist of the following main stages, some of which are performed without the participation of a computer.
1. Statement of the problem:
• collecting information about the task;
• expression of the condition of the problem;
• identification of the ultimate goals of solving the problem;
• establishing the form of the results;
• a description of the data (their types, ranges of values, structure, etc.).
2. Analysis and study of the problem, task models:
• research of existing analogues;
• study of hardware and software;
• development of a mathematical model:
• development of data structures.
3. Algorithm definition:
• establishing the algorithm design method;
• identification of the form of the recording algorithm (flowcharts, pseudocode, etc.);
• definition of tests and test method;
• algorithm development.
4. Programming phase:
• definition of a programming language;
• choice of ways to organize data;
• registration of the algorithm in the selected programming language.
5. Testing and debugging phase:
• syntax debugging;
• debugging semantics and logical structure;
• test calculations and analysis of test results;
• improvement of the received program.
6. Consideration of the results of solving the problem and refinement, if necessary, of a mathematical model with repeated execution of steps 2–5.
7. Maintenance of the program:
• completion of the program to solve specific problems;
• preparation of documentation for the solved problem, mathematical model, algorithm, program, test suite, use.
However, not all tasks require a clear sequence of the listed steps. Sometimes their number can vary.
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