Personality is a conscious and active person who is able to choose one or another way of life.

It all depends on the personal and psychological qualities that are inherent in the individual, they must be properly understood and taken into account.

Socio-psychological personality characteristics. The personality of a person as a member of society is in the sphere of influence of various relations that take shape in the process of production and consumption of material goods.

The process of formation of personality occurs both under the influence of the sphere of political relations and ideology.

Ideology as a system of ideas about society has a huge impact on the individual, in many respects it forms the content of its psychology, world view, individual and social attitudes.

The personality psychology is also influenced by the attitudes of people in the social group into which it belongs.

In the process of interaction and communication, individuals interact with each other, resulting in the formation of commonality in attitudes, social attitudes and other types of attitudes towards society, work, people, and their own qualities.

In a group, an individual gains a certain authority, occupies a certain position, plays certain roles.

Personality is not only an object of social relations, but also their subject, i.e., an active link.

A person is a specific person who is a representative of a certain state, society and group (social, ethnic, religious, political, sex and age, etc.), aware of his attitude to the people around him and social reality, included in all relations of the latter, engaged in peculiar type of activity and endowed with specific individual and socio-psychological characteristics.

Personality development is due to various factors: the uniqueness of the physiology of higher nervous activity, anatomical and physiological features, the environment and society, and the field of activity.

The peculiarity of the physiology of the higher nervous activity of the individual is the specificity of the functioning of its nervous system, expressed in various characteristics: the ratio of the processes of excitation and inhibition in the cerebral cortex, the manifestation of temperament, emotions and feelings in behavior, etc.

Anatomical and physiological personality traits are characteristics that depend on the anatomical and physiological structure of the human body, which has a serious impact on his psyche and behavior, and on the susceptibility of the latter to the actions of circumstances and other people.

The most important factors of personality formation are the natural-geographical environment and society .

Macromedia is a society in the aggregate of all its manifestations. The microenvironment - group, microgroup, family, and so on - is also an important determinant of personality formation.

In the microenvironment, the most important moral and moral-psychological characteristics of a person are laid down, which must be taken into account, as well as improved or transformed in the process of training and education.

Socially useful activity is labor in the conditions of which a person develops and his most important qualities are formed.

Socio-psychological characteristics of the individual as a description of the whole complex of its inherent characteristics has an internal structure that includes certain aspects.

The psychological side of the personality reflects the specifics of the functioning of its mental processes, properties, states. Mental processes - mental phenomena that provide primary reflection and awareness of the individual effects of the surrounding reality.

Mental properties - the most stable and constantly manifested personality characteristics, providing a certain level of behavior and activity typical for her. Personality properties: focus, temperament, character and ability.

The worldview reflects its socially significant qualities and features that allow to occupy a worthy place in society.

Socio-psychological side reflects the basic qualities and characteristics that allow it to play certain roles in society, to occupy a certain position among other people.

The perception of a layered personality structure ( I. Hofman, D. Brown, and others) was widely spread: psychoanalysis: the outer layer is ideals, the innermost are “deep” instinctual cravings. L. Klyages proposed a scheme that included the components of personality and character:

1) matter;

2) structure;

3) driving forces.

The American psychologist R. Cattell points out three aspects of personality:

1) interests;

2) abilities;

3) temperament.

L. Rubinstein considers the personality in three plans, such as:

1) orientation (installations, interests, needs);

2) abilities;

3) temperament and character.

Following J. Mead, the interactionists identify three main components in the personality structure: I, me, self . Their interpretation:

1) I (literally - “I”) is the impulsive, active, creative, driving principle of the personality;

2) me (literally - “me”, that is, how others should see me) is a reflexive normative “me”, internal social control, based on taking into account the expectations of other people's requirements and, above all, the “generalized other”.

The reflexive “I” controls and directs the impulsive “I” in accordance with the learned norms of behavior in order to successfully, from the point of view of the individual, implement social interaction;

3) self (“self” of a person, personality, personal “I”) - a set of impulsive and reflexive “I”, their active interaction.

The identity is interpreted by interactionists as an active creative creature, able to evaluate and design their own actions.

Following J. Mead, modern interactionists see in the active creative beginning of the personality the basis for the development of not only the personality itself, but also an explanation of the changes that are taking place in society.

The reason for changes in society should be sought in the specifics of the personality structure, in that the presence of an impulsive "I" in it is a prerequisite for the appearance of various variations in patterns of role-playing behavior and even deviations from these patterns.

Changes in society are random and not subject to any laws, and the cause of the emergence depends on the individual.

Making up the socio-psychological characteristics of the individual, it is necessary to take into account somatophysiological features. Anatomical and physiological specificity of the structure of the human body determines the development of some of its socio-psychological qualities.

There are three socio-psychological types: picnics, athletics and asthenics.

Picnics are distinguished by a high degree of interpersonal contact and adaptability to the social environment; the desire to build in a certain way relationships with all other people, which allows them to defend their interests and passions, without entering into conflicts with others.

Athletics are sociable and socially active, tend to be in the center of attention and win dominant positions among other people, are distinguished by vigorous expressiveness.

Asthenics are not very communicative , restrained in cooperation with other people, careful in active relationships in a group, very sensitive to changes in their status or social status, suffer from claustrophobia.

When composing the socio-psychological characteristics of a person, one should take into account his belonging to a certain type of higher nervous activity: sanguine, phlegmatic, choleric, melancholic.

Sanguine men are in high spirits, they are distinguished by fast and effective thinking, and great performance.

Phlegmatic completely alien anxiety. Their condition is calm, quiet contentment.

Sanguine and phlegmatic rather balanced in relations with other people, rarely go on interpersonal confrontation, soberly assess their place.

The actions of choleric men are distinguished by their sharpness, impetuousness, the instinct of self-preservation is weakened. Melancholic distinguished by restraint in movements, vibrations and caution in decisions.

Choleric - the most conflicting personality. Depending on the type of higher nervous activity, people are initially predisposed to the dominance of certain emotions.

Socio-psychological characteristics of the personality are complemented by its extroversion or introversion.

Extraversion indicates such psychological characteristics of an individual when he focuses on the outside world, sometimes at the expense of his own interests, diminishing personal significance.

Introversion is characterized by fixing the attention of the individual in his inner world. Introverts consider their interests most important.

For any person since early childhood, the innate dynamic characteristics of the nervous system are associated with dominant instincts.

Istinkty - fixed in the genetic code of the program of adaptation, self-preservation and procreation, attitudes towards themselves and others.

From the dominance of instinct follows the primary distinction of people.

Types of people by instinct dominance:

1) selfish type - dominates self-preservation;

2) genophilic type - the instinct of procreation;

3) Altruistic type - the instinct of altruism;

4) research type - research instinct;

5) dominant type - dominance instinct;

6) libertofilny type - the instinct of freedom;

7) digitofilny type - the instinct of preserving dignity.

Man as a person is constantly evolving and improving.

It is necessary to remember the driving forces, factors, prerequisites and levels of personal development, which, on the one hand, makes it possible to constantly monitor and fix them, and on the other, to actively influence the process of training and education of a person.

The driving forces of mental development are contradictions: between the needs of the individual and external circumstances; between her increased physical abilities, spiritual needs and old forms of activity; between new activity requirements and unformed skills and abilities.

The factors of mental development are objectively existing, which necessarily determines the vital activity of the individual in the broadest sense of the word.

Factors of mental development of personality can be external and internal.

External factors are the environment and society in which a person develops, internal - biogenetic and physiological features of a person and his psyche.

The prerequisites of mental development are those that have a definite influence on an individual, that is, external and internal circumstances on which the characteristics and level of his mental development depend.

External prerequisites are the quality and characteristics of human education, internal - activity and the desire to improve, as well as the motives and goals that guide the person in the interests of their development as an individual.

Levels of mental development - the degree and indicators of mental development of a person in the process and at various stages of the formation of his personality.

The level of current personal development is an indicator characterizing a person’s ability.

He testifies to what are the training, skills and abilities of the individual, what are his qualities developed.

The level of personal development is an indicator that a person cannot perform well, but with which he copes with a little help.

The completeness of the content of the personality and its main socio-psychological characteristics are determined by:

1) the content and psychological essence of the world. A person’s worldview is his belief system, scientific views on nature, society, human relations, which have become his inner wealth and are deposited in the form of certain life goals and interests, relationships, attitudes;

2) the degree of integrity of the worldview and beliefs, the absence or presence of contradictions in them, reflecting the opposing interests of different sectors of society;

3) the degree of human awareness of their place in society;

4) the content and nature of needs and interests, the stability or ease of their switchability, their narrowness or versatility;

5) the specificity of the ratio and manifestation of various personal qualities.

The personality is so multifaceted in its individual psychological manifestations that the ratio of its various qualities can affect both the manifestations of the worldview and behavior.

Development is a universal principle of explaining nature and society, which includes an understanding of the irreversible, directional, regular change characteristic of the composition and structure of the state of the subject.