6. Deviations of social behavior

Three terms are used that are similar in meaning: destructive behavior, deviating or deviant .

Such behavior is usually explained by a combination of the results of an abnormal development of a person and the unfavorable situation in which a person finds himself.

At the same time, it is largely determined by deficiencies in education, leading to the formation of relatively stable psychological properties that contribute to the development of deviations.

Deviant behavior can be normative, that is, have a situational nature and not go beyond serious violations of legal or moral norms.

Such behavior is dangerous, which not only goes beyond the limits of permissible individual variations, but also delays the development of the personality or makes it extremely one-sided, making interpersonal relations difficult, although outwardly it does not conflict with legal, moral, ethical and cultural norms.

Ts. P. Korolenko and T. A. Donskikh identified seven variants of deviant behavior: addictive, antisocial, suicidal, conformist, narcissistic, fanatical, autistic.

Many variants of deviations are the basis of character accentuation.

Demonstrative overdevelopment leads to narcissistic behavior; jam - to fanatical; hyperthyroidism combined with excitability - to antisocial, etc.

Any deviation in its development goes through a series of stages.

Addictive behavior is one of the most common deviations.

Both objective (social) and subjective (phenomenological) factors of victimization contribute to its development. However, the onset of rejection often occurs during childhood.

The ability of a person to overcome obstacles and cope with periods of psychological decline serves as a guarantee to prevent the development of deviant behavior.

The essence of addictive behavior consists in the desire of a person to escape from reality, changing his mental state by taking certain substances (alcohol, drugs) or permanently fixing attention on certain objects or activities, which is accompanied by the development of minimally positive emotions.

Most often, the process of developing addiction begins when a person experiences a sensation of extraordinary recovery associated with certain actions.

Consciousness fixes this connection.

The person realizes that there is a certain mode of behavior or a means that relatively easily improves the mental state.

The second stage of addictive behavior is characterized by the appearance of an addictive rhythm, when a certain sequence of addiction is generated.

In the third stage, addiction becomes the usual way of reacting in an unfavorable situation.

At the fourth stage, there is a complete dominance of addictive behavior, regardless of the well-being or unfavorable situation.

The fifth stage is a disaster. The psychological state of a person is extremely unfavorable, since the addictive behavior itself no longer brings the former satisfaction.

The person is the subject of socialization, its object, but it can also be a victim of socialization.

Initially, the concept of victimization was used in the framework of legal psychology to refer to various processes that contribute to the transformation of a person into a victim of the circumstances or violence of other people.

The concept of social pedagogical victimology was introduced in connection with the problems of studying the adverse circumstances of human socialization.

A.V. Mudrik defines socio-pedagogical victimology as a branch of knowledge, which is an integral part of social pedagogy that studies various categories of people - real and potential victims of adverse socialization conditions.

Victimogenicity - the presence of conditions that contribute to the process of transforming a person into a victim of socialization, the process itself and the result of such a transformation - victimization .

Among the conditions that contribute to the victimization of man, we can distinguish social and phenomenological conditions (factors) .

Social factors of victimization are associated with external influences, phenomenological conditions - with those internal changes in a person that occur under the influence of adverse factors of education and socialization.

An important social factor is the influence of the characteristics of social control in the society in which a person lives.

Low living standards, unemployment, environmental pollution, weak social support from the state are all factors that victimize the population.

Scientists and demographers identify three prevailing factors of victimization in modern life: increased general environmental pollution, reduced adaptation of people due to rapidly changing living conditions, and significant psychological stress.

Disasters are a special factor in the victimization of the population, since they lead to disruption of the normal socialization of very large groups of people.

Specific victimization factors are due to the instability of the social, economic and political life of society and the state.

Japanese scientist S. Murayama notes the sharp coarsening of children, their insensitivity towards other people.

Not all children can adapt to society without making excessive efforts, which can lead to emotional disorders, aggression and anti-social behavior.

Antisocial behavior is manifested in the infringement or disregard for the rights of other people, the prevalence of hedonistic motivation, whims, demonstrative behavior, lack of a sense of responsibility and duty.

All factors of socialization can be attributed to the factors of victimization of a person: microfactors - family, peer groups and subculture, microsocium, religious organizations; mesofactors - ethnocultural conditions, regional conditions, means of mass communication; macro factors - space, planet, world, country, society, state (classification by A. V. Mudrik).

The overwhelming number of social behavior deviations are caused by a complex interaction of many factors.