Lecture
Class member functions can be described as const. In this case, they cannot change the values of the data members of the class and can return a pointer or reference only to the data members of the class described as const . They are the only functions that can be called on a constant object.
For example, in the conplex class:
class complex {
double re, im;
public:
// ...
double real () const {return re;}
double imag () const {return im;}
};
Declaring the functions real () and mag () as const ensures that they do not change the state of the complex object. The compiler will detect random attempts to violate this condition. When a constant function is defined outside the class, it is necessary to specify const: double complex :: real () const {return re:} A constant member function can be called for both a constant and non-constant objects, while as a non-constant member function, you can call only on an object that is not a constant.
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