Online simulation of the переменный ток circuit

Shown here is a classic alternating-current circuit with passive elements connected in series

This page is a utility for simulating переменный ток online with specified initial values.

This is a simple single-diode AC rectifier circuit (a half-wave rectifier). 

What we have here

1. AC voltage source (on the left)

   • Frequency: 131 Hz

   • Amplitude: about ±6 V

   • The signal is sinusoidal (an up-and-down wave)

2. Light source (red LED)(in the center)

   • Passes current in only one direction

3. 35 Ω resistor (the load)

   • Current flows through it

   • The output voltage is taken across it

4. Output (on the right)

   • This is the voltage across the resistor

 How the circuit works

 When the input wave is positive

• The diode opens (passes current)

• Current flows through the resistor to ground

• A voltage appears at the output (the green "hump")

 When the wave is negative

• The diode closes

• No current flows

• The output voltage = 0

 What you can see on the graphs

• On the left (input) — an ordinary sine wave

• On the right (output) — only the upper halves of the sine wave

 This is exactly half-wave rectification

Why the output is lower (≈3.97 V — this is an instantaneous value, not 6 V)

Because:

• The diode "eats up" ~0.7 V (the voltage drop)

• And some energy is lost

Input: a sine wave with amplitude

$$U_{in(max)} = 6\text{ В}$$

There is a diode (voltage drop of about 0.7 V)

Load: a resistor (it has almost no effect on the waveform)

 Accounting for the diode drop

When the diode is open:

$$U_{out} = U_{in} - U_{d}$$

Where:

• $U_d \approx 0.7\text{ В}$

Then the maximum value:

$$U_{out(max)} = 6 - 0.7 = 5.3\text{ В}$$

 Summary

The circuit does the following:

It converts alternating current into pulsating direct current, passing only the positive part of the signal.