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30. Axonometric projections

Lecture



In some cases, axonometric projections are used to clarify rectangular projections of complex parts, machines, and mechanisms. With their help, get a visual image of objects. The essence of axonometric design is that the figure associated with the spatial system of coordinate axes, together with these coordinate axes, are projected onto a single plane, called the plane of axonometric projections. Axonometric projections are discussed in detail in chap. 12.
created: 2014-09-21
updated: 2026-03-08
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Lectures and tutorial on "Descriptive Geometry and Engineering Graphics"

Terms: Descriptive Geometry and Engineering Graphics

1. TECHNICAL MEANS AND METHODS OF IMPLEMENTATION OF GRAPHIC WORKS § 1. General information
§2. Materials
§ 3. Tools
§ 4. Accessories and devices
§ 5. Graphic automata
§ 6. Methods of performing graphic works
DRAWING DRAWINGS § 7. General information
8. Formats
9. Title Block
10. Scale
11. Lines
12. Inscriptions on drawings
13. Basic rules for drawing dimensions in the drawing
QUESTIONS FOR SELF-TESTS
SOME GEOMETRIC BUILDINGS § 14. General information
15. The division of the line segment
16. The division of the circle
17. Round corners
18. Conjugation of circular arcs
19. Conjugation of two arcs of circles by the third arc
20. Conjugation of a circular arc and a straight line by a second arc
21. Ovals
22. Local curves
QUESTIONS FOR SELF-TESTS In descriptive geometry with answers
IMAGE OF OBJECTS OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL SPACE § 26. Projection method
27. Projection methods
28. Properties of projections
29. Orthogonal projections
30. Axonometric projections
§31. Projections with numerical marks
QUESTIONS FOR SELF-TESTS
4. GENERAL TERMS OF EDUCATION OF THE DRAWING § 23. Definition of drawing
24. The main elements of the geometric space
25. Geometric bodies and their display
§ 32. Complex point drawing
33. Elements of a three-point integrated point drawing
34. The position of a point in the space of a three-dimensional angle
35. Competing points
36. Replacing projection planes
37. Rectangular coordinates of points
QUESTIONS FOR SELF-TESTS
IMAGE OF LINES ON DRAWING § 38. Formation of lines
39. Comprehensive line drawing
40. The location of the line relative to the planes of the projections.
41. The mutual arrangement of two straight
42. Determination of the actual size of a straight line segment
43. Curves
44. The mutual arrangement of points and lines.
QUESTIONS FOR SELF-TESTS
8. SURFACES § 45. Surface Formation
46. ​​The image of the plane on the drawing
47. The location of the plane relative to the planes of the projections. Mutual arrangement of two planes
48. Special lines in the plane
49. The relative position of a point, a line and a plane.
50. Conical and cylindrical surfaces
51. Torso surfaces
52. Faceted surfaces
53. Screw surfaces
54. Surfaces of rotation
55. Point and line on surface
§56. Overview of complex drawing conversion
57. Method of plane-parallel movement
58. Method for replacing projection planes
59. Rotation method
QUESTIONS FOR SELF-TESTS
§ 60. General information on positional tasks
61. The intersection of a line with a plane
62. The intersection of two planes
63. The intersection of the surface with the plane. Cut-out bodies
64. Intersection of surfaces
65. Building a line of intersection of surfaces by the method of auxiliary cutting planes
66. Building a line of intersection of surfaces by the method of auxiliary spheres
67. Special cases of building the line of intersection of two surfaces of revolution.
QUESTIONS FOR SELF-TESTS
68. General information on metric problems
69. Determination of the true value of distances
70. Determination of the true value of angles
71. Determination of the true value of a flat figure.
72. Building surface sweeps
73. Sweep pyramidal and conical surfaces
74. Sweep prismatic and cylindrical surfaces
QUESTIONS FOR SELF-TESTS
General information about axonometric projections
76. Types of axonometric projections
77. Rectangular isometry
78. Rectangular dimetry
QUESTIONS FOR SELF-TESTS
BASES OF MACHINE BUILDING DRAWINGS Chapter 13. PICTURE OF OBJECTS § 79. General information
80. Building views in the drawing
81. Construction of the third type of subject from two data
82. Making cuts in the drawing
83. The implementation of sections on the drawing
84. Removable elements
85. Conventions and simplifications in the depiction of the subject.
86. Building a visual image of the subject.
QUESTIONS FOR SELF-TESTS
IMAGE OF DETAIL CONNECTIONS § 87. General information
88. Plug Connections
89. One-piece connections
90. Special connection parts
QUESTIONS FOR SELF-TESTS
91. General information on the design and execution of working drawings of parts.
92. Applying material designations on work detail drawings.
93. Dimensioning on work detail drawings
94. Designation of surface roughness on work drawings of parts
95. Execution of drawings of original parts.
96. Making sketches of parts
97. Performing technical drawings of parts
98. Product Overview
99. Execution of a general view drawing
100. Assembly drawing
101. Implementation of specifications for the assembly drawing
102. The order of the assembly drawing
103. Reading and detailing the assembly drawing
104. Execution schemes
Perspective Overview
Linear perspective
Building the perspective of the object by two vanishing points (1 way of architects)
Building a perspective of architectural details at a single vanishing point (2 way architects)
Building the perspective of the object using the grid method (3 way of architects)
Building a perspective of a circle
Frontal perspective
Corner Perspective
Shadows basic concepts
AIR PERSPECTIVE
Shadowing in orthogonal projections
DIRECTION OF LIGHT RAYS
SHADOW FROM POINT
Construction of real and imaginary shadows of points A and B on the model and plot
SHADOW FROM POINT TO FLAT GEOMETRIC OBJECT
Task To build a shadow from point D on a triangle ABC.
SHADOW FROM POINT TO SURFACE
Task To build a shadow from point D on a spherical surface R.
SHADOW FROM DIRECT LINE
Building a shadow of a straight line AB in general on the epure.
SHADOW FROM THE CUTTING VERTICAL DIRECT
Construction of the shadow of the segment AB, perpendicular to the horizontal plane of the projections, on the diagram.
SHADOW FROM THE CUTTING, PERPENDICULAR FRONTAL PROJECTION PLANE
Construction of the shadow of the line segment, perpendicular to the frontal plane of the projections, on the diagram.
SHADOW FROM CUTTING, PARALLEL PROJECTION PLANE
Construction of shadows of the segments parallel to the planes of the projections on the plot.
SHADOW FROM PLANE GEOMETRIC OBJECT DETERMINATION OF TRIANGLE ILLUMINATION
BUILDING A SHADOW TRIANGLE
THE SHADOWS OF FLAT GEOMETRIC OBJECTS OF PRIVATE POSITION
CONSTRUCTION OF A SHADOW OF A CIRCLE, PERPENDICULAR HORIZONTAL PLANE OF PROJECTIONS
SHADOW FROM A THREE-DIMENSIONAL GEOMETRIC OBJECT
SHADOW OF PARALLELEPIP
Construction of the shadow of the parallelepiped on the diagram.
SHADOW OF PYRAMID
Building the shadow of the pyramid on the plot.
SHADOW FROM CYLINDER
Construction of the shadow of the cylinder on the plot.
CONE SHADOW
Construction of a shadow of a cone on an epure.
CONSTRUCTION OF A SHADOW FROM A THREE-DIMENSIONAL GEOMETRIC OBJECT
Building the shadow of the structure
CONSTRUCTION OF SHADOWS AT CENTRAL PROJECTION
THE SHADOW FROM THE POINT IN THE PERSPECTIVE under the central projection
Building a shadow point in perspective on the plot (central projection)
DIRECTION OF LIGHT RAYS IN PERSPECTIVE
SHADOW FROM VERTICAL CUT (central projection)
The shadow of the vertical segment (on the plot with the central projection)
SHADOW OF THE VERTICAL CUT To the light source behind and to the left of it (center projection)
shadow of a segment (center projection) Light rays parallel to the picture plane
REFLECTIONS. building reflections
Ruled surfaces with two guides (Catalan surfaces)