Lecture 10 min.
Pre-design study [predesign inspection] is the collection and processing of information about the organization and operating characteristics of the automation object, including data on its interaction with the external environment and other objects, as well as the performance of a systems analysis, the development of a feasibility study (technical and economic justification) for automation, and the formulation of general requirements for the automated system.
Its content corresponds to the stage "Formation of requirements for the AS" of GOST 34.601-90,
with the following steps: "Survey of the object and justification of the need to create the AS", "Formation of user requirements for the AS", "Preparation of a report on the work performed and of an application for the development of the AS – the tactical and technical specification".
Conceptual design [conceptual design] corresponds to the design stage "Development of the AS concept" under GOST 34.601-90, with the steps: "Development of AS variants that satisfy the user", "Preparation of a report on the work performed") and "Development of the technical specification".
The final documents at this design stage are called the preliminary design (a conceptual or pilot project) or the system creation program.
Draft design [draft design] is the development of preliminary design solutions for the system and its parts.
The final document is the draft design, which contains the fundamental engineering and circuit solutions, as well as data defining the purpose of the object and its main parameters.
When designing software, it is necessary to provide a complete specification of the programs being developed.
THE CONCEPTUAL DESIGN DESCRIBES:
The main goals and the list of automation tasks,
A description of the consolidated organizational and functional structure of the selected option (or options) for building the system being created,
A feasibility study (technical and economic justification),
A consolidated description of, and the main requirements for, the information and linguistic support facilities,
General requirements for the software and hardware facilities,
A list and consolidated description of the stages of creating the system, their deadlines, the composition of the performers and the expected results of their work,
An initial estimate of the cost indicators of the work,
The technical specification for the system as a whole and/or its main components (subsystems, software and hardware complexes and facilities, individual tasks, etc.), approved by the customer of the work.
Technical design [preliminary design] is the development of the following sections:
Design solutions for the system and its parts,
Documentation for the AS and its parts,
Preparation of documentation for the supply of products for equipping the AS and/or technical requirements (technical specifications),
Design assignments for the adjacent parts of the automation object.
The final document is the technical design, which contains, in addition to the materials listed, the electrical schematic diagrams and engineering documentation of the object being developed and of its component parts, a list of the selected ready-made hardware and software (including computers, operating systems and application programs), as well as algorithms for solving problems in order to develop new software.
Detailed design [detailed design] is the final stage of design.
In addition to the preparation of working documentation for the system and its parts required by GOST 34.601-90, it provides for refining and detailing the results of the previous design stages, creating and testing a prototype and/or pilot-production model of the automation object, creating and developing software products, and producing process and operational documentation. The final document is the working design or the technical working design. For modern automated information systems, the completion of the project is the initial stage of its deployment in the work of the customer company.
It includes the following sections:
general information,
Purpose and goals of creating (developing) the system,
Characteristics of the automation objects,
Requirements for the system,
Composition and content of the work on creating the system,
Procedure for control and acceptance of the system,
Requirements for the composition and content of the work on preparing the automation object for putting the system into operation,
Documentation requirements,
Sources of development.
A pilot project is a temporary project intended to verify the viability of a unique proposed solution. The project is called temporary because a completion date is set for it, and the solution is called unique because the results of the project must differ from all other proposed solutions.
Pilot projects are used to test new ideas. In the context of introducing a process and tools, this means trying out new processes and new tools.
Carrying out a pilot project may require allocating unplanned resources, involving key employees, and adjusting plans and budgets. In addition, pilot projects require special attention, because the very purpose of a pilot project is to prepare for the use of new processes and new tools in real projects.
Any of the following projects may serve as a pilot:
A complete software development project – such projects are considered to carry little risk from the financial and technical points of view.
The first full iteration of a real software development project, with one peculiarity: the main attention in it is paid to studying and optimizing the process, rather than to developing the software.
Another option is to choose one of the planned software development projects that has low financial and technical risks. In this way, the scope of the project can be limited and the project made a pilot.
To get the maximum return from a pilot project, it must be carried out in a real development environment and treated as a full-fledged real project.
The pilot project should involve key employees who have the following characteristics:
The team listens to them
They can act as mentors
They are regarded as experts in a particular field
It is quite difficult to give specific recommendations on the duration of pilot projects and the amount of resources allocated. However, the figures below have held true for many pilot projects:
Fewer than 10 employees are involved in the project
The project lasts less than 4 months
One mentor at 50%
Here is another definition of the term "pilot project":
A pilot project is an undertaking conceived as a test or trial.
the initial stage of full-scale development of a model of armaments, military and special equipment, which determines in general terms the possible variants of its structural appearance, the composition of its main elements, and the new key structural and schematic solutions, which together meet the main requirements of the Customer's tactical and technical specification.
By the end of this stage, the developer must have accumulated the necessary theoretical and experimental materials that convincingly show that the main characteristics of the model can realistically be achieved within the established deadlines. Moreover, the time required to build it must correspond to the deadlines set by the 5-year R&D plans.
It is important to note that the ratio of the costs of the work preceding R&D to the costs of full-scale R&D in the USSR was approximately 1/20, whereas in the United States this ratio was traditionally 1/2.
A preliminary design is a set of work carried out before experimental design work (R&D) in order to provide a feasibility study (technical and economic justification) of the advisability of developing a product and of the ways of creating, producing and operating it , as well as a type of initial technical documentation containing the justification for developing the product and its indicators, the initial requirements, and proposals for the development, production and operation of the product.
Usually, only a limited number of tests is required at this design stage. In addition to the specification of functions and tasks, alternative design concepts are considered, and preliminary equipment drawings and descriptions of work processes are developed and reviewed. In the detailed design, the preliminary design drawings are made more detailed, revised and brought to the component level ..
In its goals, the preliminary design coincides with the design stage "Technical proposal", so if a preliminary design exists, this stage is not provided for.
The preliminary design includes an explanatory note containing an assessment of the proposed direction, a justification of the quality indicators and the technical and economic indicators, the necessary calculations, diagrams, drawings, a bibliography and design information, as well as a draft technical specification for the product.
The source document for developing the preliminary design is the assignment drawn up by the customer of the preliminary design.
In the course of developing the preliminary design, patent research is carried out on the technical level and development trends of the technology according to technical and economic calculations, and engineering studies are performed; the main work over the entire life cycle of the product is forecast using quantitative methods of parameter optimization. The developed preliminary design is subjected to an expert review of its technical and economic indicators.
The set of documents of the preliminary design generally includes: an explanatory note, a preliminary design schedule, diagrams, tables and calculations, a general view drawing, and an overall dimensions drawing.
Before approval, the preliminary design is reviewed by a commission consisting of representatives of the developer and the customer, with specialists from other interested organizations invited if necessary. Based on the results of the review, a protocol is drawn up, and if the results are positive, the preliminary design is recommended for approval.
A preliminary design approved by the developer and the consumer is a necessary condition for starting the development of products.
The source document for developing the preliminary design is the assignment drawn up by the customer of the preliminary design.
Conditions and deadlines for carrying out the preliminary design: the start and end dates of the development, the sources of funding, and the procedure for reviewing and accepting the preliminary design are established.
Sometimes, during the preliminary design, the customer concludes a contract for experimental design work, upon completion of which tests of a prototype of the system are carried out, after which it is submitted for final testing.
The draft, technical and detailed designs are a continuation of the preliminary design (technical proposal).
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