A simple transistor switch circuit. When the switch is closed, current flows through the base to the emitter (this junction acts as a diode). This turns the transistor on, so that current can flow from collector to emitter. A small base current can control a much larger current from collector to emitter. The transistor wants the collector-emitter current to be 100 times the base current, but it cannot, because such a large current through the 300 Ω resistor would drive the collector below ground. So the transistor is in saturation; it lowers the collector voltage as much as possible.
This page is a utility for simulating выключатель на биполярном транзисторе online with specified initial values.









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