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Online simulation of the pnp-транзистор (биполярный) circuit

This is a demonstration of a PNP transistor. The emitter is at +2 V, and the base and collector voltages can be adjusted using the sliders on the right. Hover the mouse over the transistor to see labels for the three terminals. Compare this with the NPN example. The emitter-base junction acts as a diode. Unlike the NPN transistor, current flows out of the base rather than into it. A small current flows out of the base once it drops below 1.4 V (0.6 V below the emitter). Assuming the collector is at a lower voltage than the base, the emitter-collector current is 100 times the base current. So this transistor has a beta (current gain) of 100. Raising or lowering the collector voltage will have no effect as long as it is lower than the base voltage. This is the forward active mode. The transistor is often considered to be in saturation when the collector is above the base. But it still acts as if in the forward active mode as long as the voltage difference, V cb, does not exceed a diode drop (0.6 V). If the base is at 1.3 V and the collector is raised to about 1.86 V or higher, the base current will increase and the collector current will drop, so that it is no longer 100 times the base current. This is saturation, when the transistor acts as a low-resistance switch with a small voltage drop from emitter to collector.

This page is a utility for simulating pnp-транзистор (биполярный) online with specified initial values.

The online circuit simulator allows you to model circuit behavior in real time. You can change circuit parameters, add new elements, and observe their interactions. This is a useful tool for learning and experimenting with electronic circuits.
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