This is an inverting half-wave rectifier, which is superior to the simple diode version because it lacks the 700 mV diode voltage drop. Even though the input signal is only 500 mV, it can still be rectified. The op-amp tries to keep its - input at the same voltage as the + input (which is at ground). When the input signal is positive, the op-amp's output goes negative to hold the - input at ground. No current flows through the top resistor or diode, so the circuit's output is at ground. When the input signal is negative, the op-amp's output goes positive, and current flows through the top resistor and diode to hold the - input at ground. The two 10 kΩ resistors act as a voltage divider, with one end at the input, the other at the output, and the middle at ground, so the output must be negative relative to the input.
This page is a utility for simulating полупериодный выпрямитель (инвертирующий) на операционном усилителе online with specified initial values.
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